Raphael AntidiusNgaga YonikaLalika Makarius2024-05-292024-05-292023https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2022.12.004https://www.suaire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/6167https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2022.12.004Freshwater provision is an ecosystem service usually offered by natural watersheds but threatened by anthropogenic degradation. Pollution reduced water supply and led to high socio-economic costs. This study examined water accessibility in three wards of Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania in terms of; household sources of water supply, availability, con- sumption, and spending. It involved primary data collected through household question- naire survey, key informant interviews and observation, and secondary data from water supply authority and basin offices. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive tech- niques that involved computation of maximum and minimum values, means, and percent- ages; and qualitative data by content analysis technique. About 80% of study respondents were not connected to the public water supply networks, they depended on sources like boreholes, wells, rainwater, and streams. Water supply was insufficient and partly unaf- fordable during scarcity. The study findings were linked to the UNESCO IHP-IX framework to achieve water-related SDGs, to improve water provision efficiency.enWatershedDegradationWater provisionWater scarcityTanzaniaArticle