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Sokoine University of Agriculture  Institutional Repository (SUA IR). This repository was built and is maintained by the university library  (Sokoine National Agricultural Library-SNAL) , in order to collect, preserve and disseminate scholarly output generated by University research community (staff and students) members.

This repository hosts a variety of openly accessible materials including: scholarly articles and books, theses and dissertations, conference proceedings and technical reports. For assistance about depositing your research output in the repository click here. SUA IR Policy  click here or any queries contact us at snal@sua.ac.tz.

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 15

Recent Submissions

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Population structure of xanthonionas oryzae pv. oryzae and rice cultivar resistance in three regions in Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Mwenda, Meshack M.
This study determined the pathogen population structure and the reaction of rice cultivars against Xanthonwnas oryzae pv. oryzae. Field trapping nurseries were established at Dakawa, Bunda and Kyela and inoculations for pot experiment were conducted at Agricultural Research Institute-Uyole from December, 2012 - July, 2013. Twenty two rice cultivars obtained from Agricultural Research Institute-Uyole and twenty one near isogenic lines from AfricaRice Program, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania were arranged in a completely randomized design and randomized complete block design in screenhouse and field experiments, respectively. Nineteen isolates of the pathogen were obtained from the study areas and used for physiological and biochemical tests. Data on incidence and severity were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Duncan's Multiple Range Test was used to separate means. Six pathotypes namely; TK3CD, TK4E, TM2C, TM2B, TB2F and TB5A were identified frorfi the presumed nineteen isolates of the pathogen. Results showed that IR-BB4 and IR-BB52 were resistant to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae with significantly (P = 0.05) low disease incidence (8.18 % and 6.72 %) and severity (0.5 cm and 0.65 cm), respectively. IR-BB 14 was highly susceptible with 61.55 % disease incidence and 6.12 cm disease severity. The cultivars Domo la Fisi, Rangi Mbili, Tule na Bvvana, Jicho la Samola, Rufiji, SARO 5, Mtalima Wangu, Zambia and Supa showed intermediate resistance compared to the IR24 (control). The IR-BB4 and LR-BB52 are therefore, possible promising rice lines that can be incorporated into rice breeding programs in Tanzania.
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Potential of sesbania rostrata green manure in rice production
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 1993) Lwekoramu, Prudence Edward
The potential of S. rostrate as a green manure for rice production was evaluated in two pot, glasshouse experimentsat Morogoro using a sandy clay (Vertic ustifInvent) soil.split plot biomass experiment was and production conducted to study the A plant f ixation/accumulation. Nitrogen Plants were raised both under flooded/waterlogged paddy and drained conditions for 60 days with Rhizobium either the seeds, alone were studied.The effects of inoculating seeds + steins, or steins The plant1s manurial effect in terms of nitrogen release under flooded and drained soil conditions were studied in a factorial experiment. A 45-day old S.rostrata green manure (3.26% N) was incubated in soil at Q,10,20 and 30 ton/ha and the nitrogen release patterns studied for a period of 28 days.S. rostrata, generally, grew well in both soil moisture regimes. Biomass and nitrogen accumulation were in favour of drained soils up to 45 days, and, thereafterz flooded soils due to infestation by nematodes in drained soils.Inoculation increased root and/or stem nodulation,plant biomassz plants and N2 fixation compared to non-inoculated No significant differences were observed between inoculation techniques.The equivalent of up to 20 and 34 ton/ha green biomass and 97 and 200 kg N/ha were recorded in 45 and 60 days, respectively. On decompositionf no differences were observed between flooded and drained soils in terms of soil total N. Available N released was substantial but significantly more in flooded soils where NH4-N dominated than in drained soils dominated by NO3-N.Higher levels of green manure released higher amounts of N. The larger amounts of N accumulated by the plantsr and the substantial amounts of mineralized N during the green manure decomposition in the soils, qualify S. roctrata as a potential biofertilizer in rice production.
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Identification and correction of some micronutrient constraints in a volcanic soil from Mpangala village, Makete district for optimization of maize yields.
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2003) Lisuma, Jacob Bulenga
A study was conducted in field and glasshouse conditions to identify and correct some micronutrient constraints in Mpangala volcanic soil for optimization of maize yields. The study involved routine soil analysis, pot experiments and a field experiment. Soil analysis revealed the level of Cu to be 0.14 mg kg*1, which was ranked as deficient; Zn was 0.86 mg kg' (marginal) and boron was 0.52 mg kg"1 (medium). In the first pot experiment, P and N were applied at constant rates of 160 mg kg'1 and 240 mg kg'1, respectively. However in one treatment a higher rate of 320 mg P kg-1 was applied in order to test whether a higher rate of P was still required in Mpangala soil. Boron was applied at rates of 0 and 2 mg-kg'1, Cu at rates of 0 and 5 mg kg'1 and Zn at rates of 0 and 10 mg kg-1. The results indicated that a combination of Cu, N and P increased yields dramatically. Moreover the treatment that received the high P rate of 320 mg kg'1 together with N, B, Cu and Zn fertilizers had significantly (p = 0.05) higher DM yield than the Cu treatment. Analyses of plant leaves showed very low concentrations of Cu followed by Zn. However, Zn did not increase DM yield significantly. It was concluded that Zn may be the next limiting nutrient after Cu. A second pot experiment was conducted to estimate the optimum rate of Cu. Nitrogen and P were applied at constant rates of 240 and 320 mg kg", respectively, and Cu at rates of 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 15 or 20 mg Cu kg'1. The experiment indicated the rate of 20 mg Cu kg'1 to be optimum in Mpangala soil. In the field experiment, significantly (p = 0.05) higher grain yield of 5.84 ton ha'1 was obtained when 2.5 kg Cu ha-1 was applied. The results in this study revealed that Cu was the most limiting micronutrient in Mpangala soil, followed by Zn. Zinc may need to be added in addition to Cu, after one harvesting cycle, in order to provide proper nutrition to the maize crop in the long run. Higher rates of N and P may still be beneficial, especially if Cu and Zn are optimized.
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Response of rice yield to rat damage in irrigated rice (oryza sativum l.) in Mvomero district, Morogoro, Tanzania.
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2016) Lagwen, Philorentin Philp
Rodents often damage crops throughout the growing season, from germination to harvest, thus making it difficult to understand its cumulative effects for crops such as rice that arc able to partially compensate. This study examines response of rice yield to rat damage in farmer's fields and simulated rat damage in irrigated and rain-fed rice (Oiyza sativum L) in Morogoro, one of Tanzania's granary areas. The study was conducted at Hembeti village in Mvomero district from September, 2012 to July, 2013 where variety TXD 306 was used. Two field experiments; viz: farmers^ managed rice field and rodent simulation damage were conducted. The experimental design for farmer's field study was split plot laid in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and a split-split plot layout in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications for simulation rat damage experiment. Five damage levels (i.e. cuts at 0%, 10%, 20%, 25% and 50%) at different rice growth stages (i.e. transplanting, vegetative and maturity) and seasons (i.e. dry and wet) were carried out for later experiment. Results show that there were no significant differences in rodent abundance between seasons and crop growth stage in farmer's managed rice fields. Mastomys naialensis was the most abundant rodent pest species while Grammomys doUchurus was found in small proportions. Higher yield was recorded during the wet season compared with the dry season. Yield loss was observed during all cropping stages fbr all levels of simulated rat damage for wet and dry season crops, with significant compensation noted at the transplanting stage. Damage above 10% stem cut and at vegetative and maturity stage resulted in significant reductions in rice yield. Grain yield was highly and positive correlated with number of panicles per plant and panicles m'2, filled grains per panicle, percentage grain fill and 1000 grain weight.
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Transfer and utilisation of agricultural irrigation innovations in Tanzania: a case of basin irrigated paddy innovations in Mvomero district
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2011) Solomon, Noel Manoa
Use of improved technologies has remained the major strategy used by governments to increase agricultural productivity and promote food and livelihood security to smallholder farmers in different countries. However, irrigation schemes using water harvesting and simple river diversion practices produce the bulk of paddy for local consumption in Tanzania. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the extent of availability, transfer and utilisation of selected irrigated paddy production innovations in Mvomero district, Morogoro region. Specific objectives of the study were to: identify basin irrigated paddy production innovations available to the extension service; determine the extent to which basin irrigated paddy production innovations are transferred and utilised and identify factors contributing to success or failure in transfer and utilisation of basin irrigated paddy production innovations. Data were collected from 134 respondents comprising of 120 farmers, 4 village extension workers and 10 key informants using questionnaires, researcher's diary and checklist. Data were processed and analysed using programme for Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and "content" analysis technique. The findings showed that available irrigated paddy production innovations appear difficult and not easily understood by farmers and field extension workers. The extent of transfer of irrigated paddy production innovations take the form of advice mainly through group and individual methods. It was concluded that some of the constraints to transfer such innovations are of extension nature while others are beyond the responsibilities of extension worker. The study recommended that efforts be made to refine basin irrigated paddy production innovations; design continuous process of training for extension workers and conduct case studies on acquisition of information by extension workers from district agricultural offices.