Welcome to SUAIRE
Sokoine University of Agriculture Institutional Repository (SUA IR). This repository was built and is maintained by the university library (Sokoine National Agricultural Library-SNAL) , in order to collect, preserve and disseminate scholarly output generated by University research community (staff and students) members.
This repository hosts a variety of openly accessible materials including: scholarly articles and books, theses and dissertations, conference proceedings and technical reports. For assistance about depositing your research output in the repository click here. SUA IR Policy click here or any queries contact us at snal@sua.ac.tz.
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- The Agroforesty Community is a collaborative network dedicated to advancing sustainable land-use practices that integrate trees, crops, and livestock. It serves as a platform for knowledge exchange, research dissemination, and practical innovations in Agroforestry. By fostering connections among researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and local communities, the Agroforestry Community promotes environmental conservation, enhanced agricultural productivity, and resilient livelihoods.
Recent Submissions
Assessment of the relative importance of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill) pests in Morogoro Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2008) Bulali, Julita E. M.
A study was conducted to investigate tomato pests of relative importance in farmers’ fields
and the effects of management techniques on pests and yields. Biological monitoring of
tomato pests was conducted in Morogoro region, at Kipera and Mlali villages tomato
growers’ fields in Mvomero district from August to November 2006 and on-station field
experiment at Sokoine University of Agriculture Horticulture unit during October 2006 to
February 2007. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in farmers’ fields.
The treatments were tomato management practices by farmers while five sampling areas
were replications. At On-station field experiment, RCBD in spilt plot with five
replications was used. Two determinate tomato varieties (CALJ and Tanya) were main
factors and seven tomato management techniques including fertilizer, mulching, grower
standard, IPM, check, intercrop with cabbage and spider plants, respectively, formed the
sub factors. Leaf miner, septoria leaf spot and nutsedges were ranked as major pests for
tomato production in the two villages. Farmers’ fields survey indicated that, 70% of
farmers practiced monocropping and 80% depended on purchased seeds. On agrochemical
use, farmers applied fungicides and insecticides 5-8 times per season.
Among
management techniques, mulching and IPM were effective in suppressing sedges
population by 98.9% and 99.6%, respectively. The study also showed significantly
reduced insect pest populations in Grower standard and IPM. Furthermore, the study
indicated that, spider plants attracted more of both insect pests and beneficial insects
compared to tomato monocrop. The study showed that mulching resulted in five times
cumulative yields compared to control. Highest number of damaged fruits was due to
sunny scotch in farmers’ fields and mulching treatments. The study suggests that mulching
and IPM could be used to suppress tomato pests and spider plants could be incorporated
Forest cover and use changes under different tenure regimes: a case of “Ngitili” in Meatu District, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2009) Bernardol, John Petro
Despite the fact that forestland tenure changes occurred in “Ngitili” management systems
in Meatu district Tanzania, no study had been conducted to assess the impacts of these
changes on forest cover, stocking, tree species diversity and use. This study was an
attempt to address this knowledge gap. Spatial, biophysical, and socio-economic data were
collected. The Spatial data were obtained through satellite imageries and ground
verification using a hand held GPS. Biophysical data were collected through woodland
inventory whereas socio-economic data were collected through PRA and a checklist.
Spatial and biophysical data were analyzed by using ERDAS IMAGINE Software and
MS-Excel computer programs respectively. Socio-economic data were analyzed with the
help of the participants as well as through content and structural-functional techniques.
Results show that open land, grassland, bushland and open forest decreased in favour of
semi closed forest after tenure changes in both HASHI and outside HASHI Ngitili”. The
number of stems, volume and basal area per hectare outside HASHI “Ngitili” w'ere 3197
steins/ha, 36.04m3/ha and 6.92m2/ha respectively. “Ngitili” under HASHI were found to
have number of stems, volume and basal'area per hectare of 1233 stems/ha, 20.24 m3/ha
and 6.8 m2/ha respectively. No significant difference was observed in basal area and
volume per hectare between HASHI and outside HASHI “Ngitili”. Furthermore, fodder
which was a dominant product in “Ngitili” for feeding young, seek and oxen animals
before tenure change, changed dramatically to production of wide range of products and
services including timber, thatching materials, hiring grazing rights, gums, firewood and
medicinal herbs after tenure changes in both HASHI and outside HASHI “Ngitili”. The
study concludes by supporting the alternative hypothesis that, forest land tenure changes
have significant impacts on forest cover and use. Furthermore species diversity was
similar in HASHI and outside HASHI areas. The study recommends that, a follow upiii
study is needed to assess the impact of devolution on forest cover change in the future. Furthermore, economic analysis of the products emanating from “Ngitili” need to be done.
Forest cover and use changes under different tenure regimes: a case of “Ngitili” in Meatu District, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2009) Bernardol, John Petro
Despite the fact that forestland tenure changes occurred in “Ngitili” management systems
in Meatu district Tanzania, no study had been conducted to assess the impacts of these
changes on forest cover, stocking, tree species diversity and use. This study was an
attempt to address this knowledge gap. Spatial, biophysical, and socio-economic data were
collected. The Spatial data were obtained through satellite imageries and ground
verification using a hand held GPS. Biophysical data were collected through woodland
inventory whereas socio-economic data were collected through PRA and a checklist.
Spatial and biophysical data were analyzed by using ERDAS IMAGINE Software and
MS-Excel computer programs respectively. Socio-economic data were analyzed with the
help of the participants as well as through content and structural-functional techniques.
Results show that open land, grassland, bushland and open forest decreased in favour of
semi closed forest after tenure changes in both HASHI and outside HASHI Ngitili”. The
number of stems, volume and basal area per hectare outside HASHI “Ngitili” w'ere 3197
steins/ha, 36.04m3/ha and 6.92m2/ha respectively. “Ngitili” under HASHI were found to
have number of stems, volume and basal'area per hectare of 1233 stems/ha, 20.24 m3/ha
and 6.8 m2/ha respectively. No significant difference was observed in basal area and
volume per hectare between HASHI and outside HASHI “Ngitili”. Furthermore, fodder
which was a dominant product in “Ngitili” for feeding young, seek and oxen animals
before tenure change, changed dramatically to production of wide range of products and
services including timber, thatching materials, hiring grazing rights, gums, firewood and
medicinal herbs after tenure changes in both HASHI and outside HASHI “Ngitili”. The
study concludes by supporting the alternative hypothesis that, forest land tenure changes
have significant impacts on forest cover and use. Furthermore species diversity was
similar in HASHI and outside HASHI areas. The study recommends that, a follow upiii
study is needed to assess the impact of devolution on forest cover change in the future. Furthermore, economic analysis of the products emanating from “Ngitili” need to be done.
Current status of sunflower leaf blight caused by alternaria helianthi in Iramba and Handeni Dstricts in Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2013) Chirimi, Stella Gamaliel
Surveys were conducted to investigate the incidence and severity of Alternaria blight
disease caused by Alternaria helianthi in Iramba and Handeni districts. A total of 30 seed
samples collected from farmers were tested for infection by A. helianthi and other fungi
using the Blotter method. Identification of fungi was based on morphological
characteristics observed under the stereo and compound microscopes and confirmed by
pathogenicity tests done in the screen house. Screen house and field data were analyzed
using SAS 2004 and SPSS computer package and mean separation was done by Duncan
Multiple Range Test at < 0.05. Results showed that sunflower seed samples were infected
by A. alternata (47.75 %), F. palidoroseuni (16.25 %), F. moniliforme (12.0 %),
M. phaseolina (3.75 %), and A. helianthi (3.75 %). Seed infection by A. helianthi was
lower than that of other seed-bome pathogens. However, it was associated with the
highest disease incidence (22.7 %) compared to A. alternata (13.5 %) and Fusarium
species (1.5 %), under field conditions. Such results implied that low seed infection by
A. helianthi can result into high disease incidences under field conditions. The results also
showed that A. helianthi can be categorized into two groups based on their morphology.
The first group had large radial growth, gray mycelia colour and smooth margin and the
second group had grayish black appearance and irregular margins on VS agar medium,
implying variations of A. helianthi. The results also showed that most of the fanners
(70 %) in the study areas were unaware of the disease and 76.7 % of fanners did not
apply any control measure for Alternaria blight disease. Future studies should therefore,
focus on factors that influence high level of disease incidences and severity in the field
compared to low level of seed infection. Further studies on the genetic variation between
the two groups of A. helianthi are also needed. Training of the farmers on identification of
' Alternaria blight disease is of importance for early disease management.
Spices production and household income in Morogoro Rural District
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2007) Gwassa, Nyamweru Faustine
This study was conducted in Morogoro Rural districts in Tawa and Kibogwa wards, which
were purposively selected to examine contribution of spice production to the farmers’
income. Forty respondents were purposively selected in three villages purposively
selected in each ward based on involvement in spices production. Results showed that the
main types of spices cultivated were Black pepper, Cloves, Cinnamon, Cardamom, Ginger
and Vannila, which were cultivated as either intercrop or monocrop.
Other crops included; bananas, fruits and cassava. Though not significant at 95% confidence interval (P = 0.056) spices contributed 39% of mean household cash income per season, which
was slightly higher than that for other crops. The corresponding values for bananas,
cassava and fruits were 28%, 22% and 11%, respectively. Incomes from spices were
important for several economical and social demands such as house construction,
purchasing assets, payment of school fees and buying food during time of food shortages.
In Kibogwa ward, the major constraints to spice production were lack of extension
services, lack of capital and unstable prices reported by 33%, 13% and 8% of the
interviewed households, respectively. The corresponding values were 27%, 22% and 18%
of interviewed households in Tawa ward. Improved road networks to facilitate extension
services delivery and transport to market centres, informal and formal credit facilities are
recommended for improved and profitable spice production.