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Sokoine University of Agriculture  Institutional Repository (SUA IR). This repository was built and is maintained by the university library  (Sokoine National Agricultural Library-SNAL) , in order to collect, preserve and disseminate scholarly output generated by University research community (staff and students) members.

This repository hosts a variety of openly accessible materials including: scholarly articles and books, theses and dissertations, conference proceedings and technical reports. For assistance about depositing your research output in the repository click here. SUA IR Policy  click here or any queries contact us at snal@sua.ac.tz.

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 14

Recent Submissions

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The nature and socio - economic impacts of road accidents in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2006) NSELU, JONAS OBADIA
Road accidents have been seen as a major source of deaths and injuries among road users in Tanzania. Following these road accidents many Tanzanians have lost their lives, some got permanent disabilities and some lost their valuable property. The government has been incurring a lot of resources in treating injured persons out of these accidents. The main objective of this research was to find the nature and socio - economic impacts of road accidents to road users. The findings indicate that there are various causes of road accidents among them are human factors, defectiveness of the motor vehicles and poor roads. Drivers and other road users have been not obeying the road laws and regulations which are the basic tool for road safety in Tanzania. The provided statistics show how seriously the issue of road accidents in Tanzania is. Apart from these losses, there is another immeasurable loss which is the loss of human life. The most affected group is the group of passengers and pedestrians followed by bicyclists, drivers, motorcyclists and lastly push cart operators. Road accidents which involve buses i.e. (passengers cars) are the most dangerous, because there is a high possibility of killing and injuring a big number of people compared to non-passenger vehicles. Following the impacts or the problem of road accidents in Tanzania, the government through the National Road Safety Council of Tanzania (NRSCT), the Police Force (PF) and other non-governmental organizations have been taking various measures to curb the problem. So far the awareness of road traffic laws and regulations through education to road users has shown a positive role towards the problem. That all governmental, non-governmental organizations and the individuals should participate fully in fighting against road accidents.
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Prediction of modified class a pan evaporation using radiation, temperature and wind speed data
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 1993) Luhanga, Joseph
A simple evaporation model relating pan evaporation (Ep) to shortwave solar radiation (RJ, mean daily temperature (T) and wind speed (W) developed for different climatic conditions was calibrated for the Malawi conditions. The objectives of the study were to examine the possibility of using the model to estimate pan evaporation where such data are missing either because no such readings are recorded or a very short record is available whose extension is sort for various purposes. The model was also examined for use in areas where no shortwave solar radiation is measured and also for the possibility of using the model to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETO) for such areas. Three stations, Bvumbwe, Chitedze and Ngabu were used in this study. The stations represent different climatic conditions within Malawi. Five-day averages of pan evaporation, shortwave radiation, mean daily temperature and wind speed were computed from data collected by the Meteorological Department between 1985 and 1988 inclusive. Data for 1985 and 1986 were used to calibrate the models and the rest were used for validation. A statistical software package (MSTATC) was used to calibrate the models using regression techniques while a climate version of INSTANT package was used for computing Rs and ETO by the modified Penman equation as presented by Doorenbos and Pruitt (1977). The models calibrated from measured Rs were found to be adequate for the three stations used in the study. All the models estimated pan evaporation to within 6%. Models developed from R, computed from tables were found to be slightly superior to models developed from measured solar radiation in that the variables included accounted for an average of 75% and 66% of the variability in the response for Ngabu and Chitedze respectively, as opposed to 74% and 56% for measured R,, despite the fact that only one year of data was available for their calibration. Correlation coefficients between observed pan evaporation and computed evaporation were high. High correlation coefficients (r=95%) were also observed between reference evapotranspiration and evaporation computed from models derived from tabulated solar radiation indicating that computed evaporation represents ETO well. These results indicate that the model is suitable for the Malawian climatic conditions and can be used to estimate evaporation where no such measurements are made and also to estimate both missing pan evaporation and ET
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The impact of divorce on children’s well-being in Morogoro municipality
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2013) Msemwa, Sylvester
Divorce creates big challenges for both parents and children as it affects the children’s well-being. Despite the presence of various literatures on the impact of divorce on children’s well-being, these impacts were not clearly differentiated in terms of age, gender and economic status of the household. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the impact of divorce on children’s wellbeing in Morogoro municipality. Specifically, the study assessed the children’s perception of divorce, examined the impact of divorce on children’s educational performance, assessed the impact of divorce on children’s food security based on their age, gender and economic status of the household and identified children’s coping mechanism of divorce. Purposive sampling was employed to obtain 120 respondents whereby 20 respondents were obtained from the six (6) wards namely Mazimbu, Mji mpya, Chamwino, Sultan area, Kichangani and Mwembesongo. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics; test of independence (Chi-square) was used to determine said descriptive statistics. A Likert scale was also employed to measure children’s perception on divorce. Variables such as age, gender and economic status of the respondents were significant at (p < 0.05). Various coping mechanisms for children affected by divorce in the aspects of educational performance and food security were identified. Begging from friends and neighbours was the major mechanism for coping with the impact of divorce. The study recommends that governmental and non-governmental organizations help children of divorced families especially those abandoned by their parents. Social welfare departments at district levels should implement the Child Protection Act of 2010 which assists children to access the rights they deserve. At an educational level, children of divorced parents should be considered or given attention by the teachers.
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The contribution of microfinance on livelihood development of the people living with HIV/AIDS (plwhas) cases of caritas-Dar es salaam
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2008) Charles, J. S
Proponents of microfinance often state that its primary purpose is to provide investment capital for micro-enterprise development so that clients can grow their income and assets, smoothen their consumption, manage their risks better and enjoy an improved livelihood. A complementary microfinance strategy is to assist clients to protect their income and assets from the impact of crisis events such as AIDS, natural disasters or conflict. Tanzania being one of the country found in sub-Saharan Africa faces a serious AIDS epidemic and the people most at risk - the poor in general, and poor women in particular - are also target groups for microfinance initiatives. MFIs in Tanzania cannot ignore the reality of HIV/AIDS given the impact it does and will continue to have on their clients. This unique characteristic of the epidemic has been treated as an adverse condition, limiting the households' ability and willingness to react early. However, with a properly designed policy response. the 5-7 years between the HlV-infliction and the height of AIDS can be utilized to reduce the economic vulnerability of the HIV-afflicted households. The primary aim is to limit the negative coping strategies (reduced food consumption, use of savings and sale of assets) and to reinforce the positive coping strategies (income diversification) of the households. This step will potentially avoid economic collapse of the households due to too much strain in the worst stages of the illness. Financing the HIV/AIDS inflicted clients via microfinance is the most viable option, as the informal financial sector is unsustainable and the formal sector is out-of-reach for this high-risk group. The sustainability of the microfinance programs can be mitigated by transferring resources from the non-AIDS population in the form of savings. This research paper attempts to describe ways that microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Tanzania can assist their clients to cope with the impact of HIV/AIDS when struggling to boost their business in the cause of fighting poverty and improving their livelihood.
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Economic potential of selected lesser known and underutilized indigenous agroforestry timber species in Kilosa District in Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2015) Mvanda, Godliva Angelus
The main objective of this study was to determine the economic potential of Lesser Known (LK) indigenous agroforcstry timber tree species mainly Lonchocarpus capassa, Lannen schhnperi, Combrelum adenogonium, Psendolanchnostylis maprouneifolia and Vitex keniensis. Specifically the study aimed al estimating the standing volume of the LK Indigenous Agroforcstry Timber Species (1AGTS) in farms, determine their economic value and estimate their profitability for timber production. Structured and semi structured questionnaires, personal observation, focused group discussion and forest inventory methods were used in data collection. One hundred and twenty households in four villages were sampled purposively. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Sosial Sciences (SPSS) programme version 16 and Microsoft Excel programme. Descriptive analysis was used to generate frequencies, percentages, sums and means which were used to discuss the results. Findings indicated that a total of 7247 trees with volume of 1114.3 m3 were obtained in conserved as Lesser Known IAGTS and hardwood woodlots respectively. The economic value for conserved LK IAGTS and planted hardwood woodlots per household was 328 900 TZS and 3 180 000 TZS respectively. Profitability' at 10% discounting factor, NPV were TZS 4 892 453 and TZS 6 161 247, at 22 and 19 years rotation ages for LK IAGTS practices and hardwood woodlots respectively. Obtained standing volume, total value and average annual income of LK IAGTS in conserved trees and woodlots increases additional income and serves as off farm income to households hence improves livelihoods as well as reducing dependence on the reserved forests. I therefore recommend optimizing production of IAGTS in woodlot at households’ level; hence will improve the conservation of the resources with positive socio-economic implication to farmers.