Forest Biology Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://10.10.97.169:4000/handle/123456789/52

Browse

Browsing Forest Biology Collection by Author "Chamshama, S.A.O"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Addressing pest and disease challenges in the national forest plantations: lessons learned from the National Forest Health Forum
    (Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI) and Tanzania Forest Fund (TaFF), 2018) Petro, R; Ndomba, O.A; Bakengesa, S; Chamshama, S.A.O; Chidege, M.
    This paper presents the results of the work carried out by the National Forest Health Forum (NFHF), which covered five National Forest Plantations: Mbizi (Sumbawanga), Meru/Usa (Kilimanjaro), Meru (Arusha), Shume (Tanga) and Sao Hill (Iringa) for the period of five years (May, 2012 - July, 2017). The problems addressed are diseases caused by pathogens and those caused by inadequacies of various requirements from the soils. Many of the diseases have been soil-borne which gave rise to foliar symptoms, with Armillaria root rot being in the lead. Occasionally, the ravage by insect pests was encountered at Sao Hill and Meru Forest Plantations. These problems threaten the productivity of the plantations against the objective for the plantations of supporting the much needed industrialization process. To a large extent, these problems which were recorded in the visited plantations were noted to be accelerated by two phenomena namely; climate change and taungya. Therefore, this paper describes the problems addressed in the plantations; the steps adopted in addressing them, key findings and recommendations for achieving better plantations.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The importance of local forest benefits: economic valuation of Non-Timber forest products in the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania
    (Elsevier, 2013-08) Schaafsma, M; Morse-Jones, S; Posen, P; Swetnam, R.D; Balmford, A; Bateman, I.J; Burgess, N.D; Chamshama, S.A.O; Fisher, B; Freeman, T; Geofrey, V; Green, R.E; Hepelwa, A.S; Hernández-Sirvent, A; Hess, S; Kajembe, G.C; Kayharara, G; Kilonzo, M; Kulindwa, K; Lund, J.F; Madoffe, S.S; Mbwambo, L; Meilby, H; Ngaga, Y.M; Theilade, I; Treue, T; van Beukering, P; Vyamana, V.G; Turner, R.K
    Understanding the spatial distribution of the quantity and economic value of Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) collection gives insight into the benefits that local communities obtain from forests, and can inform decisions about the selection of forested areas that are eligible for conservation and enforcement of regulations. In this paper we estimate transferable household production functions of NTFP extraction in the Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM) in Tanzania, based on information from seven multi-site datasets related to the behaviour of over 2000 households. The study shows that the total benefit flow of charcoal, firewood, poles and thatch from the EAM to the local population has an estimated value of USD 42 million per year, and provides an important source of additional income for local communities, especially the poorest, who mainly depend on subsistence agriculture. The resulting map of economic values shows that benefits vary highly across space with population density, infrastructure and resource availability. We argue that if further restrictions on forest access to promote conservation are considered, this will require additional policies to prevent a consequent increase in poverty, and an enforced trade- off between conservation and energy supply to rural and urban households.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Rotation age and fibre length of pinus patula at sao hill forest plantation, Tanzania
    (Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI) and Tanzania Forest Fund (TaFF), 2018) Laswai, F; Malimbwi, R.E; Chamshama, S.A.O; Abdallah, J.M; Balama, C.; Pima, N.E; Mugasha, W.A; Mauya, E
    This study determined the rotation age of Pinus patula grown at Sao Hill forest plantation based on growth, yield, wood properties, and economic analysis. Previous Technical Orders on rotation age were not based on these considerations. Growth, yield, wood properties, revenue, and management costs data were collected and analysed using standard procedures. The results indicate that there were fewer and lighter prunings and thinnings than specified in the respective schedules. Many trees were found to have breast height diameter below 40 cm in all compartments except one. Growth and yield results showed that for P. patula grown at Sao Hill, the equity point of Mean Annual Increment (MAI) and Current Annual Increment (CAI) were achieved at between 16 and 17 years with the maximum MAI being maintained until about 20 years. Basic density and mechanical properties showed that strong wood was obtained when trees were 16 years and above and these properties increased with age. The mean fibre length for 5 - 25 years old P. patula was found to range from 2.29 to 3.53 mm and increased with age. Fibre lengths from 11 years and above exceed the minimum (3 mm) considered suitable for pulp and paper production. Based on economic analysis, net present value (NPV) was attained at between 16 and 17 years. Based on considerations of growth and yield, wood properties and economics of rotation age; P. patula from Sao Hill is recommended to be harvested at 18 years for timber and 11 years for pulp and paper production.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Stand biomass and volume estimation for Miombo Woodlands at Kitulangalo, Morogoro, Tanzania
    (Southern African Forestry Journal, 2004-03) Chamshama, S.A.O; Mugasha, A. G; Zahabu, E
    Tree volume and biomass equations developed for Kitulangalo area in Morogoro, Tanzania ignored small branches and small trees. Consequently, this study was carried out to develop new individual tree volume and biomass equations, and assess current regeneration status, biodiversity and yield of miombo woodlands of the area. Volume and biomass equations based on stump diameter for the estimation of volume and biomass of felled trees were also developed. A total of 30 trees were measured for stump diameter (StD), diameter at breast height (dbh) and total height and felled for the determination of volume and biomass. Different tree stem, branch and total volume and biomass models were then fitted. For the determination of current regeneration status, biodiversity and yield, data were collected from three strata: (a) Forest Reserve managed by the Central Government, (b) Forest Reserve under Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) and (c) General land (free access by the public). In each stratum, temporary concentric circular sample plots were laid out on transects at 150 m intervals for a 1% sampling intensity. Stand variables such as number of stems per ha, basal area, biomass, volume and plant diversity, were computed for each stratum. The study has revealed the presence of average volumes (m3ha-1) and basal areas (m2ha-1) of: 76.02 + 9.14 and 9.13 + 0.78 for the Government forest reserve, 76.03 + 9.34 and 8.95 + 0.73 for SUA forest reserve, and 43.9 + 7.75 and 7.78 + 1.1 for general land forest. The respective biomass values were 43.56 + 7.06, 41.40 + 4.90 and 29.31 + 6.56 t ha-1. Tree species composition and regeneration status revealed that though disturbed, the public land species composition is not different from the other two strata. More studies should be done on the nursing of the abundant regeneration in the disturbed general land. The developed volume and biomass models are recommended to be used for the miombo woodlands at Kitulangalo area especially where small trees (< 8 cm dbh) are involved.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Towards transferable functions for extraction of Non-timber Forest Products: A case study on charcoal production in Tanzania
    (Elsevier, 2012-05) Schaafsma, M; Morse-Jones, S; Posen, P; Swetnam, R.D; Balmford, A; Bateman, I.J; Burgess, N.D; Chamshama, S.A.O; Fisher, B; Green, R.E; Hepelwa, A.S; Hernández-Sirvent, A; Kajembe, G.C; Kulindwa, K; Lund, J.F; Mbwambo, L; Meilby, H; Ngaga, Y.M; Theilade, I; Treue, T; Vyamana, V.G; Turner, R.K
    Mapping the distribution of the quantity and value of forest benefits to local communities is useful for forest management, when socio-economic and conservation objectives may need to be traded off. We develop a modelling approach for the economic valuation of annual Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) extraction at a large spatial scale, which has 4 main strengths: (1) it is based on household production functions using data of actual household behaviour, (2) it is spatially sensitive, using a range of explanatory variables related to socio-demographic characteristics, population density, resource availability and accessibility, (3) it cap- tures the value of the actual flow rather than the potential stock, and (4) it is generic and can therefore be up-scaled across non-surveyed areas. We illustrate the empirical application of this approach in an analysis of charcoal production in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania, using a dataset comprising over 1100 obser- vations from 45 villages. The total flow of charcoal benefits is estimated at USD 14 million per year, providing an important source of income to local households, and supplying around 11% of the charcoal used in Dar es Salaam and other major cities. We discuss the potential and limitations of up-scaling micro-level analysis for NTFP valuation