Articles, Conference and Workshop Papers Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://10.10.97.169:4000/handle/123456789/68

Browse

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7

Economic valuation of nontimber forest products under the changing climate in Kilombero district, Tanzania
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2016) Balama, C.; Augustino, S.; Mwaiteleke, D.; Lusambo, L. P.; Makonda, F. B. S.
Sustainable collection of Nontimber Forest Products (NTFPs) for trade is an appropriate measure to increase people’s adaptive capacity against adverse effects of climate change. However, information on the economic value for NTFPs for subsistence use and trade under the changing climate is inadequate, particularly in households around Iyondo Forest Reserve (IFR), in Kilombero District, Tanzania. The study identified and quantified NTFPs used for subsistence and trade, estimated its economic value, and examined factors influencing supply of NTFPs at household level. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussions, key informant interviews, questionnaire survey of 208 sample households, and spot market analysis to randomly selected NTFPs collectors, sellers, and buyers.The study identified 12 NTFPs used for subsistence and trade, which was evaluated in terms of the mean annual value per household.Themean annual value of the identifiedNTFPs ranged fromTZS 4700 to 886 600.The estimated economic value of the studiedNTFPs was TZS 51.4 billion (USD36million).The supply of NTFPs at household level was influenced by distance to the forest, change in forest management regime, seasonality, and change in rainfall pattern. NTFPs around IFR have high economic value which portrays the potential of developing them to enhance households’ adaptive capacity against climate change adverse effects.
Impact of traditional beekeeping on Mgori village land forest reserve in Singida District, Tanzania
(2016-12) Augustino, S.; Kashaigili, J. J.; Nzunda, E. F.
A study was conducted in villages around Mgori Village Land Forest Reserve (VLFR), Singida District in Tanzania to assess the impact of traditional beekeeping on the condition of forest resources. Data collection involved participatory rural appraisal, questionnaire survey and forest inventory. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Ms Excel. The Shannon-Wiener index was used to analyse evenness in species diversity. Results indicated that the majority of households practice traditional beekeeping using log hives. There is no proper management system of traditional beekeeping apart from regular forest patrols. The majority (82%) of respondents viewed traditional beekeeping as an effective way of managing forest resources as it helps to protect the forest against destruction and results in increased plant productivity through pollination. Results further showed that although not statistically significant (p>0.05), sites where beekeeping was practiced had more stems per hectare (ha) for dbh ≤10 cm compared to sites where there was no beekeeping implying high regeneration of species due to minimal disturbances in beekeeping sites. Forest destruction, decreasing bee forages and drought were identified to be the main threats to traditional beekeeping. If well implemented, traditional beekeeping can be a tool for sustainable forest management. The need to promote best beekeeping practices which contribute to sustainable forest management in the area and beyond is recommended
Medicinal resources of the Miombo woodlands of Urumwa, Tanzania: Plants and its uses
(Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011) Augustino, S.; Hall, J. B.; Makonda, F. B. S.; Ishengoma, R. C.
A study was done to document different plants and their use for primary health care by communities around the Miombo woodland of Urumwa, Tanzania. Data collection was based on semi-structured interviews and discussion with key stakeholders. G-tests were carried out to seek differences in ethnobotanical knowledge between women and men. 110 plant species were documented to have 74 medicinal uses. Men were found to be ethnobotanically knowledgeable than women. The ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plant resources at Urumwa need to be recognized and preserved to ensure future effectiveness of the primary health care system. Due to the global interest in medicinal plants, there is a need to carry out phytochemical and pharmacological studies for most unstudied but potential documented species to validate usage, find new pharmaceuticals, increase confidence among users and contribute to the developlent of the traditional medicine sector in Tanzania and other areas in Africa within the Miombo ecoregion.
Potentials of lesser known and lesser utilized indigenous agroforestry timbers in Kilosa District, Morogoro Tanzania
(International Journal of Education and Research, 2015-11-12) Makonda, F. B. S.; Augustino, S.; Gillah, P. R.; Ishengoma, R. C.; Kitojo, D. H.; Ruffo, C.; Eriksen, S.; Msanga, H. P.
The paper presents baseline results of gathered important information for inference in establishing optimal production and utilization of Lesser-known (LK) and Lesser-utilized (LU) indigenous agroforestry timber species (IAGTS) in improving incomes of rural communities in Kilosa District. The main key questions were: what are the characteristics of the sites for establishing LK and LU IAGTS; who are the main actors in establishing LK and LU IAGTS; what are LK and LU IAGTS and other species for establishment in the study area and what are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for establishing LK and LU IAGTS in the study area. Data collection was participatory, involving key stakeholders, participants’ observations and literature surveys. A total of eight villages were identified as potential sites for nursery establishment with seven main actors’ mostly local communities engaged in tree planting activities under associations. Five priority LK and LU IAGTS were identified and selected for nursery establishment. These were: Lonchocarpus capassa (Mfumbili), Sclerocarya birrea (Mng’ongo), Vitex doniana (Mfudu), Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia (Msolo) and Combretum zeyheri (Mlama mweupe). The strengths and opportunities favouring the establishment of LK and LU IAGTS nurseries were identified, with a few weaknesses and threats which needed to be worked upon.
Some physical and strength properties of lesser known aphloia theiformis timber from Lushoto Tanga, Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 2008-07-14) Gillah, P. R.; Makonda, F. B. S.; Hussein, I.; Augustino, S.; Kitojo, D. H.
Some physical and strength properties of lesser known Aphloia theiformis timber grown in and around Magamba Forest Reserve, Lushoto district, Tanga region were determined. A total of three sample trees were randomly selected and felled for this study. Test samples for moisture content, basic density and Strength properties determination were prepared and tested according to Lavers (1969), BS 373 (1957), ISO 3130 (1975), ISO 3131 (1975), ISO 3133 (1975) and ISO 3349 (1975). It was observed that Aphloia theiformis timber has a sapwood and heartwood colour ranging from creamcoloured to whitish pink resembling that of Grevillea robusta. The average basic density was 519 kg/m3 with a standard deviation of 4.2 which can be classified as medium-density timber. The basic density showed a slight decrease from butt end to top end. Regarding strength properties, Aphloia theiformis timber had a mean modulus of rupture of about 55.8 N/mm2 and modulus of elasticity of about 3854 N/mm2. The work to the maximum load was about 0.06mmN mm-3, while total work averaged 0.08mmN mm-3. The compression and shear parallel to the grain were 37.4 and 12.6N mm-2 respectively. Furthermore, all strength properties of Aphloia theiformis were positively correlated with basic density. The properties of this timber were also comparable to properties of Grevilea robusta and are always rated the same by timber dealers. While Aphloia theiformis had higher tearing strength than Grevillea robusta, the modulus of rupture and compression parallel to the grain values were comparable. Aphloia theiformis can therefore substitute Grevilea robusta in many areas of its application.
Timber properties of lesser known polyscias fulva (hiern) harms and allophylus abyssinicus hochst. radlk. from Iringa Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 2008) Makonda, F. B. S.; Gillah, P. R.; Augustino, S.; Valentine, S.
Two lesser-known and lesser utilized timber species namely Polyscias fulva and Allophyllus abyssinicus from Iringa, Tanzania were studied to determine basic density and some strength properties. Three trees for each species were randomly selected, felled, test sampled prepared and properties tested according to standard methods. Data analysis was conducted employing Microsoft excel computer software where descriptive statistics were computed. Analysis of variation was done to establish relationships existing between density and strength properties. Variation in basic density between trees and t-test was carried out to compare wood properties of the two species. In addition, regression analysis was used to establish the existing relationship. Tests of strength properties on clear specimens showed that on average, the overall strength properties for Polyscias fulva and Allophyllus abyssinicus were comparable respectively to Pinus caribaea and Terminalia superba, the commercially utilized timber species in Tanzania. Further, with exception of compression parallel to grain, the two species were significantly different. There was statistically significant difference within species in basic density and strength properties with exception of modulus of rupture and cleavage strength for Polyscias fulva and work to maximum load, compression parallel to the grain and cleavage for Allophylus abyssinicus. Furthermore, there were direct relationships between basic density and strength properties for the two timber species. While Pinus patula can substitute Polyscias fulva, Terminalia superba can substitute Allophyllus abyssinicus in most of its applications. The two timber species can be used for light construction work, sporting goods and furniture making. Further work on the studied species is required on other strength as well as chemical properties and natural durability.
Vitex doniana sweet: A potential lesser-known and lesser utilized agro-forestry timber species in Kilosa District, Morogoro Tanzania
(2016-01) Makonda, F. B. S.; Kitojo, D, H.; Augustino, S.; Ruffo, C.; Ishengoma, R. C.; Gillah, P. R.; Eriksen, E.; Msanga, H. P.
Tanzania is classified as among the 15 poorest nations in the world, with an estimated per capita income of less than US$ 190. Over 80 % of the country’s population of about 46 million lives in rural areas. Living in such a poor country, the people have few feasible alternatives to exploiting the forest resources resulting in high deforestation rate estimated at 2 % annually. Nevertheless, many timber species are still not known to users, resulting into over-exploitation of few well-known timber species. The timber stakeholders need alternatives and the national economies need better ways to derive value from the remaining forests in order to maintain their many useful but under-valued functions. One option is to optimize the production and utilization of lesser-known and lesser-utilized indigenous timber species which are potential for agro-forestry. One of such species is Vitex doniana Sweet which belongs to the family Lamiaceae. It is a deciduous tree with medium-growth rate and is widespread in tropical Africa. V. doniana is being threatened by habitat loss. This paper attempts to analyze some potentials of V. doniana as an agroforestry tree. The studied properties were: i) Physical – Tree dimension, form and quality, wood colour, texture, workability and basic density ii) Strength - Static bending, compression, shear and cleavage and iii) Anatomical - growth rings, vessels arrangement, density and size, gum deposits, parenchyma and ray tissue. The average physical properties are as follows: The sapwood is white while the heartwood is pale greyish-brown and basic density is 650 kg m-3. The strength properties are: Modulus of elasticity (11,100 N mm-2), Modulus of rapture (98.14 N mm-2), Work to maximum load before failure (0.131 mm N mm-3) and Total Work (0.239 mm N mm-3). The impact bending strength was 1.02 m, Hardness (4,580 N), Compression parallel to the grain (52.5 N mm-2), Shear parallel to the grain (15.6 N mm-2) and Cleavage (9.0 N mm-1). This species depicts well-marked growth rings and therefore ring-porous, meaning a course textured timber. The average strength properties are closely comparable to those of Tectona grandis (Teak). Also, Vitex doniana has other multiple benefits: bears edible fruits, suitable as ornamental tree and windbreak, shade and its leaves are useful as vegetable and as well as for soil improvement.

Browse

Browsing Articles, Conference and Workshop Papers Collection by Author "Augustino, S."