Browsing by Author "Chamshama, S.A.O."

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Allometric tree biomass and volume models in Tanzania
(Department of Forest Mensuration and Management Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2016) Malimbwi, R.E.; Eid, T.; Chamshama, S.A.O.
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Differential response to tree fallows in rotational woodlot systems In semi-arid Tanzania: post-fallow maize yield, nutrient uptake, And soil nutrients
(elservier, 2008) Kimaro, A.A.; Timmer, V.R.; Chamshama, S.A.O.; Mugasha, A.G.; Kimaro, D.A.
Agroforestry tree species producing high quality litter may enhance post-fallow soil nutrient availability and crop yields through mineralization of soil organic matter and green manure. A split-plot field experiment was used to evaluate maize yield and soil N and P status after fallowing indigenous and exotic tree species of contrasting litter quality. Responses were compared with recommended inorganic fertilizer use. The objective was to assess efficacy of 5-year tree fallows in improving soil productivity to screen species for increased crop yield under rotational woodlot culture, an agroforestry system mainly used for on-farm fuelwood production in semi-arid Tanzania. Post- fallow maize yield and soil nutrients differed significantly among tree fallows. Low C:N and L:N ratios enhanced nutrient release from slash. Acacia polyacantha (indigenous) and Gliricidia sepium fallows doubled maize yield compared to the natural fallow probably due to high soil N and P levels resulting from net release by high quality foliage. First season maize yield was similar to that from combined N and P fertilizers indicating high capacity of the fallows to improve crop yields and reduce fertilizer inputs usually unaffordable to small-scale farmers. Comparatively low maize yield and soil N and P levels after exotic Acacia crassicarpa and Acacia mangium fallows were attributed to net N immobilization by poor quality litter during growing seasons. This study suggests that rotational woodlot systems utilizing tree species with high litter quality can improve both post-fallow maize yield and soil fertility as well as produce sufficient fuelwood. In this aspect, A. polyacantha would be the most appropriate species.
Does participatory forest management promote sustain- able forest utilisation in Tanzania
(BioOne, 2014) Treue, T.; Ngaga, Yonika M.; Meilby, H.; Lund, J.F.; Kajembe, George C.; Iddi, S.; Blomley, T.; Theilade, I.; Chamshama, S.A.O.; Skeie, K.; Njana, M.A.; Ngowi, S.E.; Isango, J.A.K.; Burgess, N.D.
Over the past 20 years, Participatory Forest Management (PFM) has become a dominant forest management strategy in Tanzania, covering more than 4.1 million hectares. Sustainable forest use and supply of wood products to local people are major aims of PFM. This paper assesses the sustainability of forest utilisation under PFM, using estimates of forest condition and extraction rates based on forest inventories and 480 house- hold surveys from 12 forests; seven under Community Based Forest Management (CBFM), three under Joint Forest Management (JFM) and two under government management (non-PFM). Extraction of products is intense in forests close to Dar es Salaam, regardless of management regime. Further from Dar es Salaam, harvesting levels in forests under PFM are, with one prominent exception, broadly sustainable. Using GIS data from 116 wards, it is shown that half of the PFM forests in Tanzania are likely to be too small to satisfy current local wood demand.
Effects of thinning on growth, yield and stem quality of pinus patula at Sao hill forest plantation, Mufindi district, Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 2022) Nguyeje, P.C; Chamshama, S.A.O.; Mugasha, W.A
Pinus patula is one of the most important plantation species grown in Eastern and Southern Africa. Its growth rate and yield vary considerably depending on site conditions, management techniques and genetic quality of the trees. It has been suspected that thinning of softwood plantations in Tanzania has been neglected resulting in lower standing volume being distributed into many small trees of poor form. This study assessed the effects of thinning on growth, yield and stem quality of Pinus patula at Sao Hill Forest Plantation located in Southern Highland part of Tanzania. In a systematically established plots; diameter of all trees, a total height of three trees and stem quality of four classes were recorded. An independent t-test was used to test for significant difference in stand parameters and Mann-Whitney U test was used to test stem quality between thinned and unthinned stand. Results showed that thinning significantly increased growth and yield of Pinus patula. Thinning improves stem quality by 9% resulting in trees having straight and good stem form. Thinned stands yielded higher volume than unthinned stands. Therefore, this study recommends that pine plantations should be timely thinned as per used thinning schedule to ensure that more volume is attained.
Optimal rotation age of pinus patula in government forest plantations in Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 2021) Mugasha, W.A; Laswai, F.F; Malimbwi, R.E; Chamshama, S.A.O.; Abdallah, J.M; Mauya, E.W
A study to determine the optimal rotation age of Pinus patula was conducted in five forest plantations in Tanzania, i.e., Kawetire, Kiwira, North Kilimanjaro, West Kilimanjaro and Meru. Growth and yield, and mechanical properties data were collected from compartments representing age from 5 to 25 years. In addition, revenues and management costs data were collected for the purpose of determining the economic rotation age. For the purpose of determining the optimal rotation age based on growth and yield, the following basic models were developed: 1) site index curves model, 2) height-D model, 3) Single tree volume model, 4) Basal area growth model 5) stand volume model, 6) mortality model, and 7) simulation of thinning. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried out to ascertain whether the wood properties vary across age classes. Economic analysis of rotation age data involved computation of Net Present Value (NPV). Growth and yield data revealed irrespective of site class, P. patula can be harvested at age of 18 years while mechanical wood properties show that harvesting ages range between 16 and 21 years. Based on NPV, the optimal age was 16 years. Therefore, it is recommended P. patula be harvested at age of 18 years irrespective of site class.
Perfonnance ,of Provenances of Sesbania macrontha at Gairo, Morogoro,Tanzania
(1999) Mgangamundo, M.A.; Mugasha, A.G.; Chamshama, S.A.O.
Performance evaluation was 'conducted among 21 provenances of Sesbania macrantha from 9 regions of Tanzania and one region of Rwanda. The trial was established in February, 1996 at Gairo, Morogoro, Tanzania. Assessments were carried out at 6, 12 and 15 months for survival, root-collar diameter and height. Biomass production was ass(!ssed during the last assessment occasion. Significant variation among the provenances for survival, root-collar diameter, height and biomass production was observed. The Andago (Arusha) provenance achieved greatest survival (83.3%) followed by the Biharamulo (Kage ra) and Kisabya (Kigoma) provenances (80.0%), while Miabeze (Mbeya) provenance had least survival 0/20.0%. No significant differences were observed in mean root-collar diameter and height from the (jh to 15th monih after planting. Biharamulo(Kagera) provenance was found to be outstanding in respect ofJotal biomass production (12.2 t ha .1), followed by Chala (Rukwa) provenance (10.3 t ha .1). Kangamo (Mbeya) provenance had the least total biomass production of 2. 3 t ha .1. Overall, the Andago, Biharamulo, Chala, Kikomakoma, Kisabya and Banda provenances were the best perfonners while the Lundamoto, Miabeze, Kibondo, Kishoju, Kidiama, Wondo and Kangamo failed to put on promising growth. It is recommended that Sesbania macrantha provenances from Andago, Biharamulo and Chala be used in improvedfallow/relay cropping systems in Gairo and other areas with similar environmental conditions in that order of priority.
Survival, growth, stem form and wood basic density of five Pinus Merkusii provenances at Buhindi, Mwanza, Tanzania
(1998) Mugasha, A. G.; Mgalla, H.A.; Iddi, S.; Nshubemuki, L.; Chamshama, S.A.O.; Malimbwi, R. E.
The performance of 16 Pinus oocarpa (including 5 now reclassified as Pinus patula spp. tecunumanii) provenances at Buhindi Mwanza, Tanzania: is evaluated in terms of survival, height growth, breast height diameter, basal area per ha, wood basic density and stem form. The final assessment was carried out at the age of 22 years. The main results of the study were: – Before angular transformation, survival varied from 77% (Rafael, Nicaragua) to 56% (Conacaste, Guatemala). However no significant difference (P >0.05) in survival was detected after such transformation. – Height growth showed significant differences (P< 0.05) at all ages. At 22 years the outstanding provenances were Siguatepeque (Honduras), Rafael (Nicaragua), and Zamorano (Honduras). Least height growth was shown by Bonete (Nicaragua) provenance. – Significant differences (P< 0.05) were detected in breast height diameter. Outstanding provenances were Yucul, Camelias (Nicaragua) and Mt. Pine Ridge-K49 (Belize). Least performers were Zamorano (Honduras) and Lagulnilla (Guatemala) provenances. – Significant differences (P< 0.05) were detected in basal area per ha development. The Bucaral (Guatemala) provenance was outstanding while least basal area development was recorded in the Conacaste, Lagunilla (Guatemala) and Siguatepeque (Honduras) provenances. – The Bucaral (Guatemala) provenance was significantly superior (P< 0.05) in wood basic density. Least wood basic density values were recorded from Camelias, Yucul, Rafael, Junquillo (Nicaragua), Angeles (Honduras) and the Lagumilla (Guatemala) provenances. – No significant differences (P >0.05) in stem form were observed. It is suggested that the 5 Pinus patula SCHIEDE and DEPPE ssp. tecunumanii (EQUILUZ and PERRY) provenances are likely candidates for species diversification in the Lake Victoria zone where the main plantation species is Pinus caribaea. However, noting that more than half of the natural distribution of P. oocarpa occurs outside central America, more provenances need to be tested to cover that extended range. Similarly, the sparse sampling of P. patula ssp. tecunumanii also needs additional representation. Restricting the results of this study to Pinus oocarpa, provenance ranking in diminishing order of performance gives: Bucaral (Guatemala), Zapotillo, Zamorano (Honduras), Chuacus (Guatemala), Siguatepeque (Honduras), Bonete, Junquillo (Nicaragua), Conacaste (Guatemala), Angeles (Honduras) and San Jose (Guatemala); and Lagunilla (Guatemala). In descending order of performance, suitable Pinus patula ssp. tecunumanii provenances are Mt. Pine Ridge (K49), Mt. Pine Ridge (K29), Rafael, Yucul and Camelias (Nicaragua).