Browsing by Author "Chenyambuga, Sebastian Wilson"

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Animal health constraints in dairy goats kept under Smallholder farming systems in Kongwa and Mvomero Districts, Tanzania
(Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 2014) Shija, Dismas Said Ngasa; Kusiluka, Lughano Jeremy Moses; Chenyambuga, Sebastian Wilson; Shayo, Deogratias; Lekule, Faustin Paul
This study was conducted to determine animal health constraints for dairy goats kept by small-scale farmers in Kongwa and Mvomero districts, Tanzania. A total of 129 dairy goats belonging to 108 farmers were screened for gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection, coccidiosis, haemoparasites, brucellosis and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) over a period of 11 months. Other clinical diseases and mortalities were recorded. The goats used were Norwegian crosses and Toggenburg crosses. The mean prevalence of GIN infection and coccidiosis in all goats were 54.8 and 57.4%, respectively. Prevalence of GIN infection was higher (P ≤ 0.05) during the rainy months than in the dry months, but the prevalence of coccidiosis did not differ (P > 0.05) between the dry and rainy seasons. The EPG in goats did not differ (P > 0.05) between Kongwa (169.79 ± 0.03 EPG) and Mvomero (171.51 ± 0.04 EPG) districts, but the OPG differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with values of 793.15 ± 0.04 (Kongwa) and 364.02 ± 0.05 (Mvomero). The prevalence of CCPP in the goats was 26.4%. Other clinical diseases included respiratory diseases, infectious keratoconjunctivitis and orf (scabby lesions around mouth and nostrils). Both tests for haemoparasites and brucellosis indicated negative results for all goats tested. Mortality rate during the study period was 15.5% and the major causes of deaths were respiratory diseases, bloat and food poisoning. In conclusion, gastrointestinal nematodes are prevalent in both districts, but the burdens are relatively low to justify mass treatment. The Norwegian goats are more susceptible to GIN infection and coccidiosis compared to Toggenburg goats.
Feed utilization and growth performance of Tanzania shorthorn zebu fed untreated or urea treated rice straws as hay replacement in traditional feedlot system
(Science Publishing Group, 2023-05-17) Kilyenyi, Edson Henry; Mushi, Daniel Elius; Chenyambuga, Sebastian Wilson
This study evaluated the effects of complete or partial replacement of Cenchrus ciliaris hay with untreated or urea treated rice straws on feed intake, growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross margin of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu (TSHZ) cattle under feedlot condition. A total of 50 bulls with age of 2.5 - 3.0 years and mean initial weight of 132.4 ± 26.7 kg were assigned randomly to five treatments i.e. 100% Cenchrus ciliaris hay (CCH), 100% untreated rice straws (URS), 100% urea treated rice straws (TRS), 50% untreated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris hay (URH) and 50% treated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris (TRH). All animals were supplemented with a diet comprised of 53% maize bran, 25% molasses, 20% sunflower seed cake, 1.5% mineral premix and 0.5% table salt. The results show that average daily gain and weight gain did not differ (p > 0.05) among the treatments. However, animals on TRH showed the highest growth rate (770.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (64.7 ± 4.4 kg), followed by those on TRS (growth rate = 725.0 ± 0.1 g/day, weight gain = 60.9 ± 4.4 kg) while those on URS had the lowest growth rate (599.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (50.3 ± 4.4 kg). Animals fed TRS (9.8 ± 0.1) and TRH (8.9 ± 0.1) had lower (p ≤ 0.001) FCR than those fed CCH (10.3 ± 0.1), URS (11.9 ± 0.1) and URH (10.4 ± 0.1). The highest gross margin was obtained on animals under TRS (TZS 154,293.00) while the lowest was found on animals under CCH (TZS 120,450.00). Partial or complete replacement of hay with treated or untreated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance than feeding hay alone. Feeding animals with urea treated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance and better feed utilization compared to feeding hay or untreated rice straws. It is concluded that complete replacement of hay with urea treated rice straws resulted into high growth rate, lower FCR and high gross margin, hence, it is recommended as the best basal diet for fattening of TSHZ under traditional feedlot system.
Feedlot performance and profitability of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu finished on local feed resources in Kongwa District, Tanzania
(Science Publishing Group, 2022-10-11) Kimirei, Saning’o Gabriel; Chenyambuga, Sebastian Wilson; Mushi, Daniel Elia; Msalya, George Mutani; Mpenda, Zena
An experiment was conducted for 90 days to assess the effects of diets formulated based on locally available feed ingredients on growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross margin of cattle under feedlot condition in Kogwa district, Tanzania. Fifty bulls belonging to Tanzania shorthorn zebu breed, with the age of three to four years and average initial weight of 130 kg were used. The bulls were allotted to five treatments (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 ) in a completely randomized design. Animals on treatments T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 were kept under confinement, fed Cenchrus ciliaris hay and supplemented with concentrate diets formulated based on locally available ingredients while those on T 5 were grazed in natural pastures without being supplemented. The diet on T 1 contained maize bran as the sole energy source while T 2 comprised maize bran and rice polishing as energy sources, T 3 comprised maize bran and molasses as energy sources and T 4 had maize bran, rice polishing and molasses as energy sources. All diets contained sunflower seed cake and mineral pre-mixes as protein and mineral sources, respectively. The bulls subjected to concentrate supplementation (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 ) had higher (P < 0.0001) weight gain and growth rate than those on T 5 . Among the bulls supplemented with concentrate diets, those on T 3 had the highest weight gain (107 kg) and growth rate (1.28 kg/d) and lower FCR (6.48), followed by those on T 1 (weight gain = 96.70 kg, growth rate = 1.07 kg/d, FCR = 6.509). Moreover, the bulls on T 3 had the highest gross margin (TZS 235,471). In conclusion, the diet on T 3 was found to be better than the other diets. Therefore, it can be used by farmers for fattening of indigenous cattle at an affordable cost and obtain large profit.
Tick burden and prevalence of Theileria parva infection in Tarime zebu cattle in the lake zone of Tanzania
(springer, 2014-08) Kusiluka, Lughano; Chenyambuga, Sebastian Wilson; Mwega, Elisa Daniel; Mwilawa, Anjello Joseph; Karimuribo, Esron Daniel; Mdegela, Robinson Hammerthon; Msalya, George; Kipanyula, Maulilio John; Laisser, Emmanuel Levillal Katamboi
This study was carried out to assess the distribution, abundance of different tick genera and prevalence of Theileria parva infection in Tarime zebu cattle kept in selected wards of Serengeti and Tarime districts in Mara region. Adult ticks were identified and counted from half body parts of 360 animals which were extensively managed in communal land with natural pastures. Concurrently, blood samples were col- lected and thereafter DNA extracted and a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was done using primers specific for p104 gene to detect the presence of T. parva DNA. Ticks were identified into four groups: Amblyomma genus, Boophilus sub-genus of Rhipicephalus genus, other species of Rhipicephalus, and Hyalomma genus. Rhipicephalus genus accounted for 71.8 % of the total ticks, whereas Amblyomma, Boophilus sub-genus of Rhipicephalus genus and Hyalomma constituted 14.1, 14.0 and 0.1 %, respectively. There were more animals (p<0.05) infested with ticks in Tarime district (96.1 %) than in Serengeti (61.7 %). The average counts of ticks were higher in adult animals (p<0.05) than in young animals. The overall prevalence of T. parva was 27.7 % and was higher (p<0.05) in Serengeti (38.3 %) than in Tarime district (16.7 %). However, all animals tested positive for T. parva did not show any clinical signs of East Coast fever (ECF), suggesting the existence of subclinical infection in Tarime zebu. These results suggest that Tarime cattle can tolerate ECF infection and are likely to serve as potential carriers of T. parva to other less-tolerant cattle breeds in mixed herds. Since Tarime cattle are preferred by most farmers with mixed herds, routine screening for T. parva is highly recom- mended to minimize introduction of infected cattle into an immunologically naive population.