Browsing by Author "Chingonikaya, Emanuel E."

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Climate change effects and perceived sustainability of adaptive capacity resources among smallholder farmers in Manyoni District, Tanzania
(Researchgate, 2018) Shirima, Andrew Omari; Mahonge, Christopher P.; Chingonikaya, Emanuel E.
This paper assessed climate change future effects and determined the perception of sustainability of adaptive capacity resources among smallholder farmers in Manyoni District, Tanzania. The paper adopted a cross-sectional study design. A multistage sampling was used to select four wards randomly from which two villages were randomly selected in each ward to make a total of eight villages. Using simple random sampling guided by lottery method, 30 respondents were selected from each village. The specific objectives were to identify the future climate change effects; to determine the perceived sustainability of adaptive capacity resources and to analyse the weights of perceived sustainability resources. Data collection was done through a household questionnaire survey, focus group discussion and key informant interviews. Descriptive analysis was used for analysis using SPSS. Kruskal-Wallis Test was performed to test the perception of adaptive capacity resources in relation to age. It was found that the expected future effects are: fall of grain production, acute water shortage, washing away of fertile soil, reduced motivation to cultivating, increased food insecurity and soil erosion. Furthermore, 60.4% of the smallholder farmers were found to have low perception on the sustainability of adaptive capacity resources. Based on the findings the study concludes that climate change will pose more serious effects in the future as indicated by the majority who perceive sustainability of their adaptive capacity resources to be low being more worried of these effects. Furthermore, the study concludes that, the critical adaptive capacity resources are governance and human capital. The study recommends that smallholder farmers in collaboration with the District Agricultural Department devise proactive measures to address the anticipated effects. Similarly, smallholder farmers and the local government should set plans to strengthen a more sustainable access to and use of adaptive capacity resources.
Inter-annual anomaly and seasonal variability of rainfall and temperature in selected Semi-arid Areas of Tanzania
(2012) Kabote, Samwel J.; Mamiro, Delphina; Synnevåg, Gry; Urassa, Justin K.; Mattee, Amon Z.; Mbwambo, Jonathan S.; Nombo, Carolyne I.; Masolwa, Leah W.; Chingonikaya, Emanuel E.
Although climate variability and change are not new phenomena in semi-arid areas, their trends may change over time. Using data from Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA) during the interval 2003 -2011, this paper examined inter-annual anomaly (deviation from long term mean) and seasonal variability of rainfall and temperature in Iramba and Meatu Districts. Results showed no significant increase (P>0.05) of inter-annual rainfall variability. Nonetheless, a considerable shift of heavy rains was evident in Iramba District. In both districts there was a shift of months with the most rain. In addition, considerable rainfall and temperature variability were depicted by the trends in the; number of hot and cold years; number of dry and wet years as well as by trends in the number of rainy days in both districts. While temperature showed an increasing trend throughout April in both districts, rainfall showed a decreasing trend, which can increase evapo-transpiration and in turn reduces moisture for the crops, exacerbates poor pasture productivity for livestock, and leads to water scarcity for both crops and animals. Hence, adjustments in cropping and livestock production systems and institutional support are critical in order to buffer the impact of climate variability in semi-arid areas.
Potentials of constituency development catalyst fund act of 2009 in enabling implementation of CDCF Projects in Vwawa Constituency, Tanzania
(IISTE, 2020-10-31) Mgani, Frowin L.; Nombo, Carolyne I.; Chingonikaya, Emanuel E.
Constituency Development Catalyst Fund (CDCF) Act is a legal instrument that provides directives in the planning and administering of the funds used to support development projects. This paper analyzed the potentials of CDCF Act of 2009 in enabling the implementation of CDCF progaramme in Vwawa Constituency, Tanzania. Data collection was through semi-structured interview, focused group discussion (FGD) observation and documentary review which were later transcribed and subsequently analyzed. The findings indicate that, the projects funded were proposed by the villagers, mainly from the existing projects that were already in process of implementation. It was also was found that, legal measures were taken against those who misappropriated and or assisted to misappropriate the CDCF. Based on these findings, the study concludes that, the process of initiation of the projects was not practical in a real sense since community members did not initiate new projects as per CDCF Act. As such, the paper recommends review of some of the CDCF Act, 2009 articles to include issues pertaining initiation of projects to be disbursed by CDCF that the CDCF Act should emphasize on selecting projects from among the existing projects rather than initiating new projects because this is what is practical in the study area.