Browsing by Author "Chingonikaya, Emanuel Emanuel"

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Domestic water accessibility and its effect to households livelihood: a case of Maswa District, Shinyanga Region, Tanzania
(Science Domain International, 2025-06-25) Chingonikaya, Emanuel Emanuel; Salehe, Farida Said; Karumo, Bwire
Water supply is an essential requirement for people and it has intrinsic connection with lives and livelihoods. Water shortage affects households’ labour because of much time and energy spent on obtaining it. Unavailability of safe and clean water has several implications, among them include waterborne diseases, labour, income and time. The study was carried out to explore information on domestic water accessibility and its effects to households Livelihood in Maswa District of Tanzania. Specifically the study intended to get information related to sources of water for domestic use and its accessibility, who are mostly responsible for collecting water, time spent seeking for water and challenges related to unsafe and clean water 120 respondents were engaged in this study. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire and focused group discussions (FGDs). Descriptive statistics and content analysis techniques were applied in analyzing the data. Results from the study show that unavailability of safe and clean water affects income through consuming time and loss of labour during fetching water. In addition, water related diseases consumes labour’s time and money for caring patients. Moreover, most of labour used in fetching water was mothers and daughters. Consequently, women face many challenges which are associated by carrying water on their heads at a distance and time wasted during fetching water. The challenges particularly time waste during fetching water hinders women’s participation to other income generating activities. The study concludes that sources of water such as traditional dug wells and hand dug wells at the river bed represent the most important water sources for rural households in the study area. Moreover, women face a number of challenges related to water shortage and time spent fetching water. The study recommends that authority’s responsible for facilitating Water supply systems both at National and Regional level should Increase mechanisms which will enable large population to access water within acceptable distance in order to reduce women and children burden of carrying water at a distance.
Industrialization and economic development in Tanzania from independence to today: a review of historical strategies, challenges and prospects
(Science Domain International, 2025-07-09) Chingonikaya, Emanuel Emanuel; Salehe, Farida S
Tanzania got her independence from the British in 1961, by then, Tanganyika, before joining Zanzibar in 1964. Tanzania started the move towards industrialization just after the independence in 1961. The Industrial development in Tanzania is categorized in various phases namely immediately after independence, during Ujamaa na kujitegemea (Socialism & Self-reliance ideology) after the Arusha Declaration of 1967, economic and political reforms in mid 1980s, beyond 1996 - privatization and establishment of private sectors, and free market economy period to date. The Industrial Development in Tanzania was strengthened in 2000s when the Tanzania Development Vision (TDV) 2025 was formulated with the aim of enabling the country to reach the semi-industrialized economy by 2025. Various strategies and economic development plans have been formulated in order to meet the TDV 2025. Many industrial development efforts were observed such as constructions of infrastructures such as buildings for offices, hotels, roads, railways, marine facilities, purchasing of airplanes, and establishment of power energy plants and service delivery facilities. However, the Industrial Development sector faced a number of challenges. The challenges include lack of capital, Inadequate supply of power, lack of technical skills, discontinuation of policies between succeeding regimes, price fluctuation, unstable currencies, corruption and economic crises due to various shocks such as the Tanzania –Uganda war of 1978/1979. However, the Industrial development in Tanzania keeps on pacing since independence 1961 to date. Industrialization in Tanzania has a positive, though complex, relationship with economic growth. In order to improve development of industries and country’s economic growth towards achieving the TDV 2025, the challenges and constraints which hinders industrial development should be evaded.