Browsing by Author "Chingonikaya Emanuel E."

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Organic spices farming in west districts, Zanzibar: it’s contribution to income of smallholder farmers.
(Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 2025-07-09) Chingonikaya Emanuel E.; Garu Foum A.; Salehe Farida S
Aims: In recent years, organic agriculture has been gaining considerable importance. Many farmers today show interest all over the world in organic farming. The concept of organic farming is not new, but it has been scantly studied. Organic spice farming is therefore, requires to be studied widely. Spice production is a popular economic activity in Zanzibar. The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of organic spice farming to income of the smallholder farmers. Study Design: The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in two districts of Zanzibar, the West and Central districts between August 2018 and September 2018. Methodology: A random sampling procedure was used to obtain 120 households. The households were categorized from three clusters namely: merely organic, certified organic and inorganic spice farming farmers. Data were collected using a household questionnaire survey. Results: Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Among the three types of spice farming, inorganic spice farming averagely produced 174.3 kg/household, followed by merely organic (86.3 kg/household) and certified organic (70.2 kg/household). However, certified spice farming households earned in average 565 900 TAS higher than others (merely organic (361 170 TAS) and inorganic (350 500 TAS)). Further, certified spices contributed to 26.2% of the total household’s income, followed by merely organic (23.1%) and inorganic (19.0%) spices. Conclusion: The study concludes that spice farming increased income among households. Therefore, there is a need of putting more effort in spice farming improvement, particularly certified organic spice farming as it gives high earnings to the households.
Socio-economic determinants of community health fund membership in Kalambo district, Rukwa region, Tanzania
(African Journal of Accounting and Social Science Studies (AJASSS), 2020) Kasonso Alexander D.; Chingonikaya Emanuel E.; Sikira Anna N.
The study aims at determining the influence of factors affecting CHF membership. The paper analyses socio-economic determinants of Household HH’s membership to CHF. Across- sectional research design was used in the study whereby data were collected using a household questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informants Interviews (KIIs) and documentary review. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics whereby a binary logistic model was used. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The sample size was 354 households, which were determined by Yemen’s formula. The results of this study show that, in the eleven variables used in the binary logistic model, three were found to be significant predictors of CHF membership at (p <0.05). These are awareness of existence of CHF, Ex-CHF membership and income. It is concluded that many households have not joined the fund due to lack of awareness on the existence of CHF and lack of income. Therefore, Local Government Authorities (LGAs) should initiate concerted educative measures to community members on the existence and importance of CHF to their health. Furthermore, LGAs should set a reasonable amount of money to be contributed by HHsin enrolling for the fund, basing on the district socio-economic profile.