Browsing by Author "Edward, Mamkwe Claudia"

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Complex socio-ecological systems: translating narratives into Future land use and land cover scenarios in the Kilombero Catchment, Tanzania
(MDPI, 2021) Proswitz, Katharina; Edward, Mamkwe Claudia; Evers, Mariele; Mombo, Felister; Mpwaga, Alexander; Näschen, Kristian; Sesabo, Jennifer; Höllermann, Britta
The Kilombero wetland in Tanzania is affected by advancing land use and land cover changes (LULCC), where we observe a conflict between development interests and the necessity of conservation measures to maintain the functionalities of the ecosystem. Thus, assessing patterns of LULCC is crucial to foresee potential future developments and to develop sustainable future management strategies. In this study, we use a multi-method scenario approach to assess the spatial implications and underlying driving forces of potential change by (1) developing a System Dynamics Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) to disentangle the underlying socio-economic and ecologic driving forces, (2) deriving a qualitative business-as-usual (BAU) and a conservation scenario from participatory narratives elaborated during a stakeholder workshop, and (3) quantifying the spatial implications of these scenarios with the Land Change Modeler (LCM). Results indicate that under the BAU assumption only 37% of the natural vegetation is expected to persist until 2030 in the wetland. In contrast, strict enforcement of protected areas (conservation scenario) halts further conversion of the wetland. However, both scenarios pinpoint considerable expansions of cropland in the western highlands with potentially serious impacts on catchment-wide hydrological processes. The produced qualitative and quantitative outputs reveal hotspots of possible future change and starting points for advisable further research and management interventions.
Gender and household food security situation in Chagga homegardens: a case study of Rombo district
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2003) Edward, Mamkwe Claudia
The study was conducted in Rombo District in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. The objective of the study was to assess gender and household food security situation in Chagga homegardens. A multistage sampling was employed to obtain a sample of 100 respondents. Primary data were obtained through personal observation, administering of structured questionnaire and focus group discussion. Secondary data was obtained from District Agriculture and Livestock Development Office and from Sokoinc University of Agriculture Library, Morogoro. Data were analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer program. The results of the study showed that homegarden crops contribute 67.7%, livestock 29.0% and homegarden trees 3.6% of the income from homegardens. In total the homegardens contributed 53.1% of the average household income while other sources were off-farm activities 35.9% and from open field farm was 11.0%. The homegardens contained about 27 species of food crops of which 12 species arc reported by more than 70% respondents that are in danger of disappearing More than 65% of the households in the study area were food insecure. Female-headed households were more vulnerable to food insecurity than male-headed ones. Socio-economic factors such as income, size of open field farm, level of education, sex and age of the head of household influence household food security significantly at (P< 0.05). The study also found that gender division of labour subjects women to high workload, which might influence household food security. Decisions on various production and expenditure of household resources were mostly done by men and this influences household food security. The study conclude that Household food security is significantly (P<0.05) influenced with socio-economic factors such as average income, main occupation, sex, age and level of education of the household head, and socio-cultural factors. It is recommended that the government through its policy makers and the development planners should recognise and promote the role of women as producers and providers of food to the household. Analysis of food security situation and type of production system need to be carried out in various regions in order to suggest mechanisms for improving food security over time. Government assistance is needed to sensitise people to shift to areas with plenty of land for crop cultivation.