Browsing by Author "Haule, Cosmas Benedict Mabalika"

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Assessment of change in smallholder farmers' livelihoods due to land degradation in Ludewa District, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2021-09) Haule, Cosmas Benedict Mabalika
Cross sectional survey in four villages in Ludcwa District, Tanzania. Survey was complemented by remote sensing, documentations. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). transect walks, and in Information System (GIS), chi-square and logistic regression and qualitatively by content analysis. The results showed that between 1979 and 2002. area covered by open woodland dropped from 30 percent to live percent. In contrast, settlement with mixed cropping increased from 15 percent to 22 percent, bushland with scattered cropping from four percent to 16 percent, and woodland with scattered cropping increased from 10 percent to 22 percent in the settlement with mixed cropping and woodland with scattered cropping implied increased continuous cultivation, shortened fallow periods, invasion of marginal lands, drying of natural springs, change in water sources, and increased migration In absence of land management plans and none enforcement of conservation bylaws. weak and/or uncoordinated institutions, the change in state of land increased encroachment of marginal lands. Furthermore, the study revealed that smallholder of new crop varieties and animal manure, limiting field size and increasing land fragmentation. In addition. there was limited agricultural development, especially agricultural mechanization apart from spraying machines for cashew nut and small irrigation scheme in Lifua village. Moreover, 99.4 percent of farmers in the study area got new cassava varieties was conducted to investigate change in smallholder farmers' farmers responded to decline in soil fertility by increasing use same period. The increase in depth interview with key informants. Data were analyzed by Geographical livelihoods as a result of land degradation from stratified sample of 240 households Ill factors on smallholder farmers' livelihoods was not uniform. Young and single leading cattle keepers. I he major conclusion is that the extent and magnitude of change in smallholder farmers' livelihoods differed between villages and households. In order to improve smallholder farmers' livelihoods, this study recommend Ludcwa District Council to train farmers in improved livestock keeping, beekeeping, fish (arming. and commercial tree planting which financial constrained households in degraded lands.
Assessment of soil erosion and loss in soil productivity in Mbinga district: a case study of Mahenge village
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2000) Haule, Cosmas Benedict Mabalika
The study was conducted at Mahenge village, Mbinga District, Tanzania. The objective of this study was to investigate the magnitude of soil erosion and its impact on soil productivity. Data on soil loss, evaporation, pan coefficient (kpan), rainfall, soil physical and chemical properties, crop growth and yield, crop coefficient (kc) soil and topographical maps from field investigation and various documents were collected. Erosion hazard assessment was done using the USLE and mapped by ARC INFO and ARC VIEW GIS packages, whilst the "erosion induced loss in soil productivity was evaluated using SEPIM. Soil loss for different periods of crop growth showed significant difference between bare plots and ngolo plots. The same relation was shown between bare plots and bench terraces. ANOVA for crop development showed statistical difference between ngolo and bench terrace, with DMRT indicating ngolo to be superior in performance compared to the later. In addition ngolo had lower reduction in yield with cumulative soil loss than bench terraces. The results from the soil erosion hazard mapping indicated that accelerated soil erosion by water was a serious problem in agricultural land in Mahenge village. In the absence of support practice Dystric Cambisols had higher erosion rates (258.69 t/ha/year) while Ferrallic Cambisols had lowest average erosion rates (63.28 t/ha/year) in the village. However, in general soil loss tended to vary with varying soil credibility, support practice, crop cover and topographic factors. Evaluation of PI and SEPIM models at the experimental site showed that SEPIM had more explanation power than PI although the explanation was highly variable. Analysis of available data using the SEPIM indicated that Haplic Phaeoezem soils had higher production potential (0.80) than other soils. In contrast Haplic Acrisols had the lowest production potential (0.44) mainly due to low soil pH. The simulation results showed that Haplic Phaeozem could lose 24 percent of its production potential after 25 years of continued erosion. On the other hand, Haplic Acrisols improved its production potential by more than 100 percent after 25 years of soil loss. The results showed that reduction in soil productivity due to erosion depended on the properties of the exposed subsoil.