Browsing by Author "Kadigi, Reuben M.J."

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Comparative advantage of Tanzanian coffee sector under “Everything but Arms” export trading regime
(IISTE, 2022) Paul, Abel; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Mutabazi, Khamaldin; Kadigi, Reuben M.J.
This paper assesses the comparative advantage of the Tanzanian coffee sector in the European Union (EU) before and during the Everything but Arms (EBA) trading regime. Coffee’s comparative advantage at the EU level was compared to other commercial crops’ comparative advantage namely; sisal, tobacco, cashew nuts, tea and cotton. To get a clear effect of the regime, Balassa Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index has been employed to analyze exports values from 1995 to 2000 before EBA and from 2001 to 2019 during EBA as two separate periods. Findings from this study indicate that before EBA, coffee was a third product to be exported but during EBA it become a less specialized product. Therefore, EBA has promoted less the export of coffee to the EU market than expected that it will increase as the regime released transaction costs which were restricting the trade. To benefit from EBA preferential agreements, policymakers and sectorial stakeholders have to revisit EBA terms and conditions especially that of “Rule of Origin” which is reported as a major obstacle for most countries to utilize trade preferences agreements merely when they bump into low production within the country of origin.
Determinants of consumer preferences for and expenditure on rice in the Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
(2018) Laizer, Japhet S.; Baharanyi, Ntam R.; Zabawa, Robert; Kadigi, Reuben M.J.
The primary objective of the study was to examine determinants of consumer preferences for and expenditure on rice in the Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Data were collected from a random sample of 230 participants, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analyses. The descriptive statistics revealed that domestic rice was preferred by a majority of the participants over imported rice. The most important attribute for consumers was aroma, followed by taste, cleanness, and price. The logistic regression analysis showed that price of a substitute, quality, and household size had significant effects on preference for rice, domestic or imported. The OLS analysis revealed that the price of rice, income, frequency of consumption, and household size had significant effects on expenditure on rice. It is suggested that domestic rice should be promoted, and influential factors should be considered in any consumption and policy changes in the rice industry.
E-Ng’ombe: a mobile phone ICT to tackle the pitfall of information asymmetry in the value chain of indigenous beef cattle in Mwanza Region, Tanzania
(Sciknow, 2013) Kadigi, Ibrahim L.; Muhiche, Lupyana; Kadigi, Reuben M.J.; Makindara, Jeremiah; Laswai, Germana; Kashaigili, Japhet J.
A value chain (VC) study was conducted in Ilemela and Magu Districts of Mwan za region in Tanzan ia to evaluate the performance of different actors in the VC of indigenous beef cattle and identify opportunities for upgrading the VC. Specifically, the study mapped the VC, assessed profitability in each node and identified priority issues for short term intervention. Two major working hypotheses were tested. First is the hypothesis that the profits gained by beef cattle actors in the VC are unevenly distributed. Second is the hypothesis that efficiency in cattle and beef product production and marketing will translate into increased market margins for producers and other actors in the VC. We identify several pitfalls: importantly is perhaps the p itfall of info rmation asymmetry, especially among actors upstream the VC. We develop an electronic mobile phone Information and Co mmunicat ion Technology (ICT) system namely, “e-Ng‟o mbe” in an attempt to tackle this problem. This is in line with our fundamental argu ment that the introduction and use of appropriate ICT, especially by beef cattle producers, is likely to add value and upgrade the VC. We reco mmend that the Govern ment of Tan zania, through the Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries (M LDF) should own the process of out-scaling and up-scaling the use of e-Ng‟o mbe ICT system in the country. We underline the fact that the provision of market ing information is by large a public good, though public -private partnerships may go a long way in realizing the benefits of using mobile phone ICT in the indigeno us beef cattle sub-sector in Tan zania.
Supporting policy research to inform agricultural policy in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia - Irrigation and water use efficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa
(Gates Foundation, 2019) Kadigi, Reuben M.J.; Tesfay, Girmay; Bizoza, Alfred; Zinabou, Genet; Zilberman, David
Food production in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is almost entirely rain-fed with irrigation playing a minor role. This is unfortunate because wider use of the region’s ample water resources would give a substantial boost to production of food staples and high value export crops. Recognizing this, governments in SSA and donor agents have placed various levels of emphasis on irrigation development since the 1960s. Yet, there are many challenges that are already confronting irrigation development and that will become steadily more acute as population growth and climate change place added stresses on the available freshwater resources. These challenges include: the allocation of water across competing users and uses; the appropriate pricing of water resources; the efficient harvesting and utilization of water; along with a whole range of other management issues. To address these hurdles, some SSA governments have gone relatively far in decentralizing irrigation management, and encouraging the participation of private sector in new development and maintenance of irrigation systems. Other governments have continued to operate large and centrally managed command-and-control systems for water allocation. What has worked, what has not worked and why remains an important question to be answered, as it will help inform strategies for sustainable future management and utilization of water resources in SSA’s agricultural sector. This paper attempts to address this need by surveying past irrigation policy in the sub-continent, identifying the major challenges and hurdles encountered, and highlighting both successes and failures. An argument is made on the need to adopt more flexible and holistic approaches to governance of irrigation water, support farmer and private sector involvement in a move towards commercial agriculture, target irrigation investments where pay- offs are substantial and realistic, and contextualize irrigation as part of a larger policy package to improve agricultural productivity.