Browsing by Author "Kadigi, Reuben Mpuya Joseph"

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Assessment of variation in marginal productivity value of water in paddy farming systems in times of water stress
(MDPI, 2022) Sigalla, Onesmo Zakaria; Kadigi, Reuben Mpuya Joseph; Selemani, Juma Rajabu
Global projections show that increases in agriculture water productivity (AWP) by 30 and 60% in rain-fed and irrigated agriculture, respectively, are required to ensure food security in the period 2000–2025. In sub-Saharan Africa, attempts to understand AWP has seen a lamping of input values which paints an unrealistic picture of AWP. We employed the residual imputation method to isolate the marginal productivity value of water in six paddy farming systems viz. the conventional transplant and flooding system (CTFS), the system of rice intensification (SRI), and the Kilombero Plantation Limited (KPL) mechanized system. Findings showed that AWP for rainfed CTFS is 0.39 kg/m3 or 0.003 US$/m3 , irrigated CTFS (0.30 kg/m3 or 0.002 US$/m3 ), rainfed SRI (0.68 kg/m3 or 0.08 US$/m3 ), irrigated SRI (0.52 kg/m3 or 0.06 US$/m3 ), rainfed KPL (0.33 kg/m3 or 0.05 US$/m3 ), and irrigated KPL (0.68 kg/m3 or 0.11 US$/m3 ). This shows that rainfed systems have good AWP, especially physical ones. We recommend a rollout of rainfed SRI to secure local food security and downstream ecosystem services. In addition, groupings of farmers will assist in optimizing resources, stabilizing markets, and prices for the better economic value of water (US$/m3 ). Adoption of SRI will require intensive demonstration that needs public financing. In addition, revamping the KPL off-taker arrangement with small-holder farmers could also be a good PPP anchor.
Evaluation of livelihoods and economic benefits of water utilization: the case of great Ruaha river catchment in Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2006) Kadigi, Reuben Mpuya Joseph
A study was conducted in the Great Ruaha River (GRR) catchment from mid 2002 to end of 2004 to evaluate existing livelihoods, values and benefits of water utilisation; the effect of these benefits on poverty alleviation, and the opportunity cost of water transfer from irrigated agriculture to other uses downstream. The findings showed that the values of water for livestock, brick making and domestic uses are the highest, averaging at around one US dollar per m3 of water consumed. For irrigated paddy and dry season irrigated (non paddy) crops, the values were estimated to average at Tsh 38.6 (US S 0.04) and Tsh 182 (US S 0.17) per m3 of consumed water respectively. For hydroelectric power (HEP) generation, the values of water were estimated at Tsh 226 (US $ 0.21) per m3 of water consumed and Tsh 46.66 (US $ 0.04) or Tsh 21.37 (US $ 0.02) per m3 of water consumed for nature conservation (i.e. for the Usangu Eastern Wetland or Ruaha National Park respectively). In terms of total net benefits, HEP generates the highest net benefits (about Tsh 247,332 or US $ 230 Million per annum). Irrigated agriculture generates annual net benefits of about Tsh 23,888 or US $ 22 Millions per annum. For domestic uses, brick making, livestock, fishery, Usangu Eastern Wetland and Ruaha National Park the net benefits were estimated at Million Tsh 1,663; 16; 186,117; 106; 41,518; and 53,297 or Million US $ 1.56; 0.01; 174.92; 0.10; 39.02; and 50.00 respectively. The decomposition analysis of total income showed that irrigated agriculture is an inequality-decreasing source of income. This implies that, ceteris paribus, additional increments of income from irrigated crops will reduce the overall income inequality amongst the agrarian households in the Upper GRR catchment. The study recommends that irrigated agriculture should not be abandoned - rather, efforts need to be directed towards identifying the potential for enhancing its water use efficiency and productivity. Achieving this would however, requires raising awareness among water users; promoting good practices; and ensuring active participation among the local communities in sustainable land and water resources management.
Illegal wildlife trade: trade flows of wildlife Products and facilitation methods in the Ruaha Landscape, Tanzania
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2022) Mrosso, Hillary Thomas; Kicheleri, Rose Peter; Kashaigili, Japhet Joel; Munishi, Pantaleo; Kadigi, Reuben Mpuya Joseph; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Kimaro, Michael Honorati
Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape is prominent for its potential wildlife resources, which play a key role in sustaining the economy and livelihoods of the people. However, most of these resources are illegally obtained and traded in differ- ent places within and outside the Ruaha landscape. Due to its illegal nature, most of the important information regarding the trade is poorly documented. Therefore, the current study aimed first, to explore the origin and destina- tion of wildlife products; second, to assess the relationship between hunters and buyers or customers; third, to assess the means used to transport wildlife products; and lastly, to assess who influences people to engage in illegal hunt- ing and trade activities. In addition, we assess the materials used in the ex- change of wildlife products. Semi-structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used to collect information from 123 respondents. Social network analysis was used to indicate the origin and destination of wildlife products. The findings show that 70% of wildlife products originate from the Ruaha National Park and MBOMIPA wildlife management areas, with the remaining 30% originating from villages. The majority of respondents (65%) reported transporting wildlife products by foot and bicycle as the primary modes of transportation. Suppliers of wildlife products are reported to have close and long-term relationships with their customers and traders, with most of whom being friends and relatives. We found most poachers to be influ- enced by their friends and relatives in terms making decision to engage in il- legal wildlife trade. In addition, crops like maize and rice were the most pop- ular products used to exchange with wildlife products in the Ruaha landscape. Therefore, in order to combat illegal trade in wildlife products at the local level, alternative income-generating activities need to be promoted accompa- nied by not only well-funded anti-poaching programmes but also more effec- tive surveillance plans. These should entail the use of advanced techniques and skills, such as wildlife forensics.
Illegal wildlife trade: trade flows of wildlife products and facilitation methods in the Ruaha Landscape, Tanzania
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2022) Mrosso, Hillary Thomas; Kicheleri, Rose Peter; Kashaigili, Japhet Joel; Munishi, Pantaleo; Kadigi, Reuben Mpuya Joseph; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Kimaro, Michael Honorati
Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape is prominent for its potential wildlife resources, which play a key role in sustaining the economy and livelihoods of the people. However, most of these resources are illegally obtained and traded in differ- ent places within and outside the Ruaha landscape. Due to its illegal nature, most of the important information regarding the trade is poorly documented. Therefore, the current study aimed first, to explore the origin and destina- tion of wildlife products; second, to assess the relationship between hunters and buyers or customers; third, to assess the means used to transport wildlife products; and lastly, to assess who influences people to engage in illegal hunt- ing and trade activities. In addition, we assess the materials used in the ex- change of wildlife products. Semi-structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used to collect information from 123 respondents. Social network analysis was used to indicate the origin and destination of wildlife products. The findings show that 70% of wildlife products originate from the Ruaha National Park and MBOMIPA wildlife management areas, with the remaining 30% originating from villages. The majority of respondents (65%) reported transporting wildlife products by foot and bicycle as the primary modes of transportation. Suppliers of wildlife products are reported to have close and long-term relationships with their customers and traders, with most of whom being friends and relatives. We found most poachers to be influ- enced by their friends and relatives in terms making decision to engage in il- legal wildlife trade. In addition, crops like maize and rice were the most pop- ular products used to exchange with wildlife products in the Ruaha landscape. Therefore, in order to combat illegal trade in wildlife products at the local level, alternative income-generating activities need to be promoted accompa- nied by not only well-funded anti-poaching programmes but also more effec- tive surveillance plans. These should entail the use of advanced techniques and skills, such as wildlife forensics.
Implications of land use land cover change and climate variability on future prospects of beef cattle production in the lake Victoria basin
(American Journal of Climate Change, 2015) Kashaigili, Japhet Joel; Zziwa, Emmanuel; Ernest, Siwa; Laswai, Emma; Segatagara, Bernard Musana; Mpairwe, Denis; Kadigi, Reuben Mpuya Joseph; Ebong, Cyprian; Mugasi, Samuel Katambi; Laswai, Germana Henry; Mupenzi, Mutimura; Ngowi, Polycarp Jacob; Kadigi, Ibrahim Lwaho
This paper presents the lessons learnt from a research project titled “Improving Beef Cattle Pro- ductivity for Enhanced Food Security and Efficient Utilization of Natural Resources in the Lake Victoria Basin” which includes Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda. The key focus is on the implications of land use land cover change and climate variability on the future prospects of beef cattle produc- tion in this region. The study utilizes information and data from natural resources and climate components to deduce the impact of land use and land cover changes on climate variability. Addi- tional analysis is conducted to summarize the land use and land cover data to carry out analysis on climate data using the Mann-Kendal test, linear regression and moving averages to reveal patterns of change and trends in annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature. The findings reveal that the study areas of Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) have changed over time following land cover manipulations and land use change, coupled with climate variability. The grazing land has been converted to agriculture and settlements, thereby reducing cattle graz- ing land which is the cheapest and major feed source for ruminant livestock production. Although the cattle population has been on the increase in the same period, it has been largely attributed to the fact that the carrying capacity of available grazing areas had not been attained. The current stocking rates in the LVB reveal that the rangelands are greatly overstocked and overgrazed with land degradation already evidenced in some areas. Climate variability coupled with a decrease in grazing resources is driving unprecedented forage scarcity which is now a major limiting factor to cattle production. Crop cultivation and settlement expansion are major land use types overtaking grazing lands; therefore the incorporation of crop residues into ruminant feeding systems could be a feasible way to curtail rangeland degradation and increase beef cattle production.