Browsing by Author "Kajembe, G. C"

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Forms and drivers of conflicts between farmers and pastoralists in Kilosa and Kiteto Districts, Tanzania
(2018-12) Saruni, Parit Ole; Urassa, Justin Kalisti; Kajembe, G. C
Farmer-pastoralist conflicts represent a significant challenge for rural communities and the Tanzanian government. The study objectives were to (i) determine existing forms of conflicts and (ii) identify drivers underlying resource use conflicts. The manuscript is based on a study that adopted a cross-sectional research design whereby data were collected from 373 randomly selected respondents from Kilosa and Kiteto districts, Tanzania, while primary data were collected through interviews, observations and focus group discussions, secondary data were gathered from government reports and newspapers. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out for quantitative data. Factor analysis was used to extract component factors on drivers and forms of conflicts, whereas content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Generally, study results show that there were three main forms of conflict namely farmers versus pastoralists over village boundaries; farmers versus pastoralists over livestock routes and farmers versus farmers over the land. In addition, four main drivers underlying resource use conflicts were identified namely crop damage by livestock; inefficiency of government officials in taking action to diffuse conflicts; excessively large herds of cattle and corruption. It is therefore recommended that pastoralists should be provided with essential services such as water in order to minimize movement of their livestock herds from their designated villages to other areas in search of water. This would, in the long run, minimise crop damage which has been a major source of conflict. In addition, proper land use planning is recommended to minimize resource use conflicts.
Impact of indigenous based intervations on land conservation : a case of soil conservation and agroforestry project, Arumeru district, Tanzania.
(John Wiley and Sons, 2005) Kajembe, G. C; Julius, F; Nduwamungu, J; Mtakwa, P. W; Nyange, D. A
Land degradation has been identified as a serious problem in Tanzania since the 1920s. Among the factors normally cited as contributing to land degradation are deforestation, overgrazing and inappropriate farming practices. Several attempts by the government to arrest the problem have been based on top-down approaches. Indigenous-based interventions are among the alternative practices adopted by the Soil Conservation and Agroforestry Project in Arumeru District, Tanzania. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of the indigenous-based interventions on land conservation. More specifically the study intended to assess farmers’ perception of land degradation, the adoption rate of indigenous-based interventions, the impact of those interventions, and lastly the sustainability of those interventions. Data for the study were collected through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques and a questionnaire survey. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 1 ) was used to analyse quantitative data and Content and Structural-Functional Analyses were used for qualitative data. The study found that the rate of land degradation was perceived by respondents to be rather severe. The study also revealed that indigenous-based interventions, which require minimal labour and capital, have been highly adopted by many farmers while labour/capital intensive ones have been taken up by fewer farmers. In general, indigenous-based interventions appear to have eased farm operations and contributed towards increased crop yield, improved soil fertility and increased income. Success in some of the indigenous interventions warrants their wider promotion beyond the project area. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Participatory forest management for more than a decade in Tanzania: does it live up to its goals?
(Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 2013) Ngaga, Y. M; Treue, T; Meilby, H; Lund, J. F; Chamshama, S. A. O; Theilade, I; Njana, M. A; Ngowi, S. E; Mwakalukwa, E. E; Isango, J. A. K; Burgess, N. D; Kajembe, G. C
In Tanzania, Participatory Forest Management (PFM) was introduced in order to address the challenge of deforestation which continues at alarming rate. Equally, PFM aimed to involve communities adjacent to forests in management of forest resources while at the same time accrue economic benefits. PFM consists of Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) and Joint Forest Management (JFM). CBFM takes place on village land, in forests that are owned by the village while JFM takes place in Central or Local Government forest reserves (FRs) whereby owner of the FR and adjacent communities jointly manage and share benefits accrued from the FR. This study aimed to assess the role of PFM in sustainable exploitation of forest resources, equitable economic benefits and good forest governance. Generally, the study concludes that PFM can and does contribute to sustainable utilisation of forest resources and that, households across wealth categories benefit economically from PFM. However, there is a slight tendency that the rich benefit more than the poor. Similarly, the study concludes that, while CBFM and JFM have formally established appropriate institutions for PFM, this has not promoted enfranchisement and inclusiveness. The problem of elite capture in PFM should be addressed through information and education.
REDD and sustainable development – perspective from Tanzania
(International Institute for Environment and Development (UK), 2011) Mwakalobo, A. B. S.; Kajembe, G. C; Silayo, D.S; Nzunda, E.; Zahabu, E.; Maliondo, S.; Kimaro, D. N.
Strategic power and power struggles in the national REDD+ governance process in Tanzania: any effect on its legitimacy?
(Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 2013) Manyika, K.F.K; Kajembe, G. C; Silayo, D. A.; Vatn, A.
Tanzania is currently undertaking a number of initiatives related to the development of national REDD+ governance structures. These initiatives, among others, include process to establish a national REDD+ Trust Fund (NRTF) and the National Carbon Monitoring Centre (NCMC). In this paper, the on-going national REDD+ governance structure establishment processes at both local and national levels are analysed. The study focused on REDD+ governance process, the participating actors, power and power struggle and its effects on the political legitimacy underlying the REDD+ governance process. The study was undertaken through intensive review of literature and relevant reports and documents, and dialogue with actors involved in the process. It was found that while REDD+ governance continues to evolve, some non-economic actors are transforming themselves into economic actors and ‘Power brokers’ in order to enhance their position in protecting their interests during the process. It was noted as well that strategic power and power struggles are emerging as part of the evolving processes at both local and national levels. The study concludes that strategic intervention/decision was required to facilitate smooth process and avoid the stalemate that can be caused by emerging power struggles in the national REDD+ governance structure development process.