Browsing by Author "Kamugisha, Proscovia Paschal"

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Fodder commercialization as strategic solution for increased ruminants’ productivity and reduced land use conflicts in Tanzania: A review
(Rangeland Society of Tanzania (RST), 2023) Kamugisha, Proscovia Paschal
Forage is the major input in livestock production whose adequate quality and quantity makes it a key component for increased livestock productivity. Natural pastures have been used to feed ruminants in Tanzania over years. Steady growth of human & livestock population, climate change prevalence, and encroachment of pastures through conversion of communal grazing land to wildlife conservation, expansion of crops farming land and areas for construction threaten adequacy and sustainability of pastures. Scarcity of pastures is widely documented as a cause of land use conflicts between farmers and livestock keepers in Tanzania. Measures to address inadequate pastures have been focused on ratification & enforcement of land laws, fair land use plans; and strengthening traditional conflicts resolution mechanisms. Despite the aforementioned efforts, the land use conflicts are still existing. Likewise, livestock are affected more during the dry season that leads to low productivity parameters. Therefore, this review paper advocates commercialization of fodder production to improve productivity of ruminant animals and mitigate land use conflict in Tanzania. The paper emplo\ed Vcoping liWeUaWXUe UeYieZ appUoach of AUkVe\ and O¶Malle\ (2005) to map the present literature by using four search queries namely; declining Tanzanian communal range lands, land use conflicts, fodder production technologies & profitability of fodder production from reliable sources. The review study shows that there is massive 148 potential to produce fodder commercially with promising profit margins Zhich can VignificanWl\ conWUibXWe Wo impUoYed UXminanWV¶ pUodXcWiYiW\ and reduction of land use conflicts. However, further pasture production research for cost-benefit analysis and market need to be done to ascertain the commercial pasture business concept in Tanzania
Quality beef supply chain efficiency and consumption in Arusha and Dar es Salaam cities, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2015) Kamugisha, Proscovia Paschal
This study investigated efficiency along quality beef supply chain and consumption of quality beef in Arusha and Dar-es-Salaam cities, Tanzania. Specifically the study investigated: (i) efficiency of supplying quality beef (QB) (ii) consumption pattern for QB (iii) consumers' preferences for QB and (iv) consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for QB. Added cost/kilogram and returns/shilling were used to indicate efficiency of QB supply. Almost Ideal Demand Systems was used to analyze consumption pattern of QB while Principal Component Analysis and Contingent Valuation Method were used to determine beef consumers’ preferences and WTP for QB respectively. Data were collected using questionnaires administered to two cattle fattening companies, three auction markets, 10 wholesale meat traders, 106 butchermen. six beef processors, 11 supermarkets, 34 tourist hotels, one beef importer and 278 households. Results showed that the cost of processing QB was almost 9 and 1.5 times the cost of producing and retailing QB, respectively. Electricity accounted for 84% and 73% of added cost for processing and distribution of QB respectively. Returns/shilling was highest (83%) and lowest (12%) at retailing and production nodes respectively. Only 9.5% of sampled households consumed QB amounted to 32.1kg/person/year priced at 14 250Tsh/kg. The average consumption of QB in tourist hotels amounted to 449kg/month/hotel priced at 25 608Tsh/kg. ‘Freshness’ and ‘less fat content’ were mainly preferred by household consumers; while cleanliness, safety and tenderness were mostly proffered by tourist hotels. Expensiveness, unfreshness and the misconception that QB was preserved using chemicals were major reasons limiting WTP for QB. To promote production and consumption of QB this study recommends that: (i) Investors should venture in local QB supply because it is profitable. However, efforts should be made to use low cost alternative energy sources such as biogas and solar power to make the venture more profitable (ii) Tanzania Meat Board and other stakeholders in the beef industry should promote marketing of QB through introduction of meat consumption week,advertising, training in schools and participation in trade fairs and (iii) Linkages of major importers of QB with local QB producers should be made with proper taxation of imported beef to make locally produced QB more competitive.