Browsing by Author "Kayunze, Kim A"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Democratic decision making and member participation in primary agricultural marketing co-operatives in Tanzania: evidence from selected primary co-operatives of Bukoba and Moshi districts
(AJCDT, 2020) Kayunze, Kim A; Kimaryo, Leons P; Rwekaza, Gratian C
Co-operatives play an important role in facilitating the dual aspect of economic and social development. Members have the dual rights to practice and participate democratically in the decision making on cooperative society’s governance. In Tanzania, the co-operative policy and legislation highlights democratic ownership and participative democracy in co-operatives; the elements have remained a blueprint and its practice has remained on the legislation. The study examined: membership and member fulfilment of participative obligations, participation on internal democracy in the primary Agricultural Marketing Cooperative Societies (AMCOs), members engagement in co-operative business, member ownership and decision making in the primary AMCOs, and primary AMCOs member access to democratic rights. It was guided by the principle agent theory that explains the relationship between members and management. The study was based on the evidence from the primary AMCOs of Bukoba and Moshi districts. 400 members were involved in the household survey. Further, key informant interviews and focus group discussion were employed. The findings show that members were not following the established procedures for acquiring memberships. Also, internal democracy was higher in Moshi District primary AMCOs compared to those in Bukoba. Further, the democratic practice in primary AMCOs was exercised more at joining the AMCOs and in electing board members. On the other hand, not all primary AMCOs members were selling their produce in the primary AMCOs. The Board and Managers should involve members in decision making as the co- operative members are the principle owners of the co-operative society thus requiring that they practice their democratic rights in order to own decisions made.
Food security incidences based on dietary energy consumption, dietary diversity and household food insecurity access scale in Chamwino district, Tanzania
(International Journal of Asian Social Science, 2016) Assenga, Emiliana A; Kayunze, Kim A
Dietary energy consumption (DEC), dietary diversity (DD) and household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) are used in determining food security. However, it is not known whether their uses give similar incidences of food security. The study on which this paper is based sought to determine food security based on the above methods, with the specific objectives to: a) determine DEC per adult equivalent and per capita both per day, b) determine household dietary diversity, c) measure food access by using HFIAS and (d) compare food security incidences based on the four methods of food security determination. Random sampling was used to select 400 households. The research was a cross sectional one and was conducted through structured interviews using a questionnaire, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Using DEC per adult equivalent and per capita both per day, it was found that 84.2% and 81.8% of the 400 sampled households were food secure respectively. Using HFIAS and DD, 88% and 31.8% were food secure respectively. It is concluded that DEC per adult equivalent per day, per capita per day and HFIAS give almost similar food security incidences and have good potential to give reasonable results of food security status, while DD tends to exaggerate food insecurity incidences. It is recommended that the government and other stakeholders dealing with food security should use both DEC per adult equivalent, DEC per capita per day and HFIAS almost equally since they give almost similar results. Besides, effort should be made to establish international cut off points and food items to include in the classification of households into food secure and food insecure based on DD.
‘One Health’ infectious diseases surveillance in Tanzania: are we all on board the same flight?
(OJVR, 2012) Mbugi, Erasto V; Kayunze, Kim A; Katale, Bugwesa Z; Kendall, Sharon; Good, Liam; Kibik, Gibson S; Keyyu, Julius D; Godfrey-Faussett, Peter; van Helden, Paul; Matee, Mecky I
Infectious diseases account for nearly 40% of the burden of human mortality and morbidity in low-income countries, of which 7% is attributable to zoonoses and 13% to recently emerging diseases from animals. One of the strategic approaches for effective surveillance, monitoring and control of infectious diseases compromising health in both humans and animals could be through a combination of multiple disciplines. The approach can be achieved through a joint effort from stakeholders comprising health professionals (medical and veterinary), social, economic, agricultural, environmental and other interested parties. With resource scarcity in terms of number of staff, skills and facility in low-income countries, participatory multi- sectoral and multidisciplinary approaches in limiting the burden of zoonotic diseases could be worthwhile. We review challenging issues that may limit the ‘One Health’ approach for infectious diseases surveillance in Tanzania with a focus on Health Policy and how best the human and animal health systems could be complemented or linked to suit the community in need for disease control under the theme’s context.
Utilisation of one health approaches in the surveillance and mitigation of risks of animal derived infections in Tanzania: attitudinal profiles of human and animal health experts
(Greener Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013) Kayunze, Kim A; Kiwara, Angwara D; Lyamuya, Eligius; Kambarage, Dominic M; Rushton, Jonathan; Coker, Richard; Kock, Richard
Effective detection, identification, monitoring and control of zoonoses and other animal-derived infections call for embracement of multi- and trans-disciplinary partnership as a means towards optimising the health of humans, animals and their ecosystems. This study was thus aimed at evaluating attitudinal profiles of human, animal and wildlife health experts in Ngorongoro (Manyara Region) and Kibaha (Coastal Region) Districts to this partnered arrangement in dealing with infectious diseases of humans and animals. This was carried out using a structured questionnaire which comprised a 100-point Likert scale on which <60, 60 and 60< points represented unfavourable, neutral and favourable attitudes respectively. The questionnaire was administered to 91 medical, veterinary and wildlife experts in July and August 2012. It was found that, overall, the respondents had positive attitude (64.8%) towards inter-sectoral collaboration. The proportions of the respondents with unfavourable, neutral and favourable attitudes were 22.0%, 8.8% and 69.2%, respectively. The scores by the three categories of experts showed no significant difference (F = 1.428, p = 0.248). This indicates that human and animal health experts value the use of one health approaches in dealing with zoonoses and other animal-derived infections.