Browsing by Author "Kimaro, Wahabu H"

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    Aspilia mossambicensis and azadirachta indica medicinal leaf powders modulate physiological parameters of nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus)
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2019) Kapinga, Imani B; Limbu, Samwel M; Madalla, Nazael A; Kimaro, Wahabu H; Tamatamah, Rashid A
    Growing mixed-sex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus in earthen ponds to table size is a major challenge due to its early maturity and prolific breeding. This study determined the effects of two medicinal plants; Aspilia plant, Aspilia mossambicensis and Neem tree, Azadirachta indica on hatchlings production, growth performance, feed utilization, survival and haematology of O. niloticus. Experimental diets were prepared by adding 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 g of either A. mossambicensis or A. indica leaf powders into a kg of the control diet subsequently ad- ministered daily to twenty triplicates of O. niloticus for three months. Both A. mossambicensis and A. indica leaf powder at the used doses, reduced significantly hatchlings production of O. niloticus when compared to the control (P < .05). The lowest value of hatchlings count was found in A. indica dose 8.0 g kg −1 (P < .05). The use of A. mossambicensis leaf powder at a dose of 4.0 g kg −1 improved significantly growth performance and feed utilization (P < .05). In contrast, survival rate was not affected significantly by the two plants (P > .05). Both plants differentially increased significantly haematological parameters such as Hb concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cells (WBC), monocyte and lymphocytes while reduced significantly neutrophils and eosinophils (P < .05). In conclusion, A. mossambicensis and A. indica leaf powders control prolific breeding of O. niloticus, modulate its growth performance and feed utilization. The two plants also modulate haematological parameters of O. niloticus indicating immunological response towards stress or intoxication, however, the values obtained were not beyond the recommended range for healthy fish.
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    Impaired growth performance of wami tilapia juveniles (oreochromis urolepis) (norman, 1922) due to microplastic induced degeneration of the small intestine
    (MDPI, 2022) Mbugani, John J; Machiwa, John F; Shilla, Daniel A; Joseph, Dativa; Kimaro, Wahabu H; Khan, Farhan R
    Microplastics-induced histopathological changes in gastrointestinal tracts of fish have been widely reported. However, the translation of adverse effects in the gut to impacts on growth are understudied. This study investigated the effect of MP-induced small intestinal histomorphological changes on growth performance of Oreochromis urolepis juveniles. Sixty larvae were exposed in control (0), 1, 10, and 100 polyethylene microplastic particles (PE MPs)/mL treatment groups. On day 65, juveniles were euthanized, dissected, and biometric data were taken. Small intestine histo- morphological lesion index (HLI) was calculated following histological preparation using routine hematoxylin and eosin procedure. Results showed increase in HLI proportional to PE MPs exposure dose. These deteriorations equally reduced growth in final weight, weight gain and total length (One-Way ANOVA, p > 0.05), and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) (Kruskal–Wallis Test, p > 0.05), though there were insignificant differences between treatment groups. Condition factors of fishes in control and 1 PE MPs differed significantly and with other treatment groups (Tukey HSD, p < 0.05). Small intestines HLI correlated significantly with growth pattern (Spearman, r = 1.00, p = 0.01), condition factors (Pearson, r = − 0.995, p < 0.05), final weight, weight gain, and total length (Spearman, r = − 1.00, p = 0.01) but not with SGR. The allometric growth pattern changed towards isometric corresponding to increasing HLI. These findings suggest that MPs damaged small intestine structure and thus impaired digestion and nutrients absorption functions which disrupted growth. Such effects may impair juveniles’ ability to escape enemies, find food, and eventually reproduce, and therefore require further study.