Browsing by Author "Lekule, F.P"

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Effect of cassava (Manihot esculenta) root meal supplemented with Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) fish waste on the rumen environment
(2007) Shem, M.N; Katakweba, A.A.S; Aboud, A.A.O; Sarwatt, S.V; Lekule, F.P; Mutayoba, S.
Abstract. The supplementary effect of cassava (Manihot esculenta) root meal (CRM) and Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) fish waste (FW) on the rumen environment was compared to that hominy meal (HM) and cotton seed cake (CSC). The feed’s degradability characteristics and chemical contents, rumen pH and rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH3 -N) levels in cows fed on four ration combinations (HM + CSC, CRM +CSC; HM + FW and CRM +FW) denoted as T1, T2, T3, T4, respectively) were determined. Results showed that DM degradability at 48h for CRM was higher (P<0.05) than that of HM (920 vs 835 g/kg). HM had higher (P<0.05) CP content than CRM (946 vs 837 g/kg) respectively. Both DM and CP contents of CSC were higher (P< 0.05) than those of FW (739 and 887 vs 367 and 598 g/kg) respectively. The degradability of DM for the TR1 and TR2 rations was higher (P< 0.05) than that of TR3 and TR4 (801 and 799 vs 727 and 616 g/kg DM respectively. TR2 had higher (P< 0.05) rates of DM degradability than the rest of the rations. The ruminal pH and NH3-N values differed (P< 0.05) between treatments. Treatments containing FW (TR3 and TR4) had higher (P< 0.05) NH3-N than those containing CSC (TR1 and TR2) (284.7 and 203.7 vs 135.8,and 183.9 mg/l). It is concluded that CRM when fed in combination with FW gave higher DMD values and provided a better fermentation environment than HM and CSC. It is further concluded that CRM and FW could be good substitutes for HM and CSC as sources of energy and nitrogen for dairy cattle and other ruminant animals
Nutritive value of fresh cassava tubers, cassava root meal and cassava chips for growing - finishing pigs
(2007) Lekule, F.P; Shem, G.H; Mutayoba, S.K; Sarwatt, S.V; Mtenga, L.A; Malole, J.L
Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the nutritive value of fresh unpeeled cassava tubers, peeled, soaked cassava tubers, cassava root meal and cassava chips as energy sources for growing- finishing pigs. The varieties used were sweet and bitter types. The initial weight of the pigs ranged from 12 to 38 kg and were slaughtered when they made 90 kg. Their feed intake, growth rate and carcass characteristics were determined. The digestibility trial involved 4 castrated males in a 4x4 Latin square design. Performance of pigs was comparable to pigs fed other energy sources (or commercial cereal based diet). Pig growth rate ranged from 478 to 660 g/pig /day. Digestibility and feed efficiency of cassava-based diets were high, although young pigs (below 20 kg) tended to develop gastro-intestinal disturbances and parakeratosis when fed fresh cassava. The carcass quality was slightly affected. Carcasses from pigs fed on cassava diets were leaner and heavier than those on other rations. The studies concluded that varieties of sweet cassava could be fed fresh to pigs either peeled or unpeeled or in form of cassava chips. Further, fresh cassava can be soaked in water for one day whereas cassava chips can be dried for 8 to 10 hours prior to feeding to reduce HCN levels. Cassava can constitute the only energy source in diets of pigs provided that such diets are well balanced for protein, minerals and vitamins. The use of cassava in livestock feeds will promote cassava production and provide a sustainable outlet for this underutilised but highly adaptable crop.
Substitution of hominy meal with cassava root meal as a source of energy for growing dairy heifers
(2007) Katakweba, A.A.S.; Shem, M.N; Aboud, A.A.O; Sarwatt, S.V; Lekule, F.P; Mutayoba, S.
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of cassava (Manihot esculenta) root meal (CRM) and fish wastes (FW) on the growth of dairy heifers in four rations. The rations were TR1 (66.5 % HM and 31.5 % CSC) TR2 (50 % CRM and 48 % CSC) TR3 (67.5 % HM and 30.5% FW) and TR4 (51.5 % CRM and 46.5 % FW). Twenty Ayrshire heifers (average weight 145±8 kg) were randomly allocated to the four rations in a completely randomized block design. Data was collected on dry matter intake (DMI), weight gain, glucose, Ca, P and protein blood levels. No difference (P>0.05) in weight gain was observed between heifers on TR1 and TR3. Heifers on TR2 showed faster growth rates (P< 0.05) than those in other treatments (i.e. 620 versus 490, 460 and 410 g for TR1, TR3 and TR4 respectively). Correspondingly heifers on TR2 had superior (P< 0.05) feed efficiency (0.116) followed in a descending order by TR1, TR3 and TR4 (0.097, 0.092 and 0.085 kg gain / kg feed. Heifers receiving diets containing FW had higher (P<0.05) Ca and P than those on CSC. Blood glucose and plasma protein were higher (P<0.05) in heifers receiving TR1 (97.07g/l and 3.3 mmol/l) than those on TR2 (94.86 g/l and 3.0 mmol/l). It is concluded that CRM could be used alone as energy source when combined with protein rich feeds like CSC and FW.