Browsing by Author "Mabiki, F.P"

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In ovo antiviral activity of Synadenium glaucescens (pax) crude extracts on Newcastle disease virus
(2013-04-10) Mabiki, F.P; Mdegela, R. H.; Mosha, R.D; Magadula, J.J
Investigation on the effect of root bark and wood, stem bark and wood, leaves and sap of Synadenium glaucescens extracts against Newcastle disease (ND) virus was done using an in ovo assay. Viable 9 days embryonated chicken eggs were arranged into 25 treatment groups (n = 5). Groups 1 to 21 were challenged with a 13C/SUA virulent strain of ND virus treated with extract at concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. Un-inoculated group saved as negative control and groups inoculated with virus and diluent saved as positive controls. Haemagglutination test was used to quantify the amount for ND virus units. Embryo survival and embryo weight were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in groups treated with S. glaucescens extracts than the positive control. The root bark demonstrated significantly higher antiviral activities (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, treatments with ethanolic extract SE1 resulted into 100% embryo survival, 91.2% mean embryo weight and reduced viral load by 99.2%. The minimum dose of SE1 with the highest efficacy was 0.2 mg/ml. The percent mean embryo weight and haemagglutination test demonstrated negative correlation (R2 = 0.94). These findings validate the ethnoveterinary potential of S. glaucescens and the feasibility of its use for treatment and control of ND.
Natural occurrence of moulds and mycotoxins in Synadenium Glaucescens Extracts (SGE) under different storage conditions
(TAJAS, 2022) Mabiki, F.P; Madege, R.R
Fungal growth and mycotoxin contamination in value-added medicinal plants products are quality and safety attributes that negatively affect entry to the market. This research aimed at investigating the occurrence of spoilage fungi and mycotoxins in Synadenium glaucescens extracts (SGE) from different plant parts and storage conditions. Laboratory whole water extraction method was used to prepare SGE from root-wood, root bark, leave, stem-bark and stem-wood. SGEs were subjected to storage temperature (25°C and 4°C refrigeration) and light (light and dark) conditions for 21 days. Samples were evaluated weekly to enumerate the occurrence of spoilage fungi and identified. In a follow-up experiment, pure cultures of Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus flavus were inoculated in SGEs and incubated for 14 days to allow production of mycotoxins. Aflatoxin and fumonisins were quantified using LC-MS/MS. It was established that 70% of samples of SGE contained Fusarium moniliforme and 60% Rhizopus spp. SGE samples stored under full light illumination were spoiled by Rhizopus species (35%), F. moniliforme (30%), F. pallidoroseum (3%), Cladosporium leguminicola (5%), C. sphaerospermum (2%), Alternaria alternate (6%) and Curvularia lunata (4%). The highest isolation frequency of F. moniliforme was in SGE from root wood (42%) and stem (42%). The highest (38%) isolation frequency of Rhizopus sp. was in SGEs from stem wood followed by root bark (32%) and 30% in both stem and root. Aflatoxin B1 was not detected in any sample. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) was detected in 80% of the samples and the concentration varied from 0.01μg/Kg to 6.33 μg/Kg. Among the samples contaminated with FB1, SGEs made from roots were contaminated by FB1 in a range of 0.03 to 0.04 μg/Kg, stem wood from 1.52 to 6.33 μg/Kg while in the root bark varied from 0.01 to 1.83 μg/Kg. SGE made from stem bark had FB1 ranging from 1.03 to 4.04 μg/Kg. Since fungal contamination was noted after 21 days of incubation, the source of spoilage fungi could be from the environment during postharvest handling. Therefore, it can be recommended that SGE safety can be ensured if good manufacturing practices (GMP) are maintained during preparation. Moreover, the Leaf SGEs were less vulnerable to fungal growth and fumonisin contamination at room temperature. Therefore, where the efficacy is the same, the leaf of S. glaucescens is possibly a better source of SGE formulations. These findings provide a benchmark of future investigations for more innovative GMP and safety measures to protect consumers against risks of exposure to mycotoxins.
Trade development of medicinal plants products in Tanzania: an overlooked research area?
(TAJAS, 2022) Mpelangwa, E.M; Makindara, J.R; Sorensen, O.J; Bengesi, K.M.K; Mabiki, F.P
The existence of trade of products of medicinal plants reflects their significance on health care and the local economy. Consumption trends have shifted medicinal plants from local consumptions to economic contexts. However, the engagement of medicinal plants products within the market economy necessitates the understanding of the trade system and management for economy, health and biodiversity securities. This paper used a systematic literature review to assess information on trade of medicinal plants in order to explore its structure and identify research gaps. About 377 research articles were identified where 46 of them were reviewed. The literature indicate the contexts of the trade are natural forests and health sectors which influence supply and demand sides, respectively. The supply chain differ among literatures. The results indicate that, despite the importance of the medicinal plant trade in Tanzania, its understanding rely on isolated bits and pieces of information from other research articles, the evidence of an overlooked research area. The identified research gap was lack of information on the trade like value chain and trade mechanisms. The study recommends further research to combine ethnomedicine, conservation and economics research domains which can ensure sustainable use of scarce resources of medicinal plants to meet the limitless demand of the healthy community.