Browsing by Author "Majili, Z. S."

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Dietary patterns and household food insecurity in rural populations of Kilosa district, Tanzania
(2015-05-21) Ntwenya, J. E.; Kinabo, J.; Msuya, J.; Mamiro, P.; Majili, Z. S.
Introduction Few studies have investigated the relationship between dietary pattern and household food insecurity. The objective of the present analysis was to describe the food consumption patterns and to relate these with the prevalence of food insecurity in the context of a rural community. Methodology Three hundred and seven (307) randomly selected households in Kilosa district participated in the study. Data were collected during the rainy season (February–May) and post harvest season (September–October) in the year 2011. Food consumption pattern was determined using a 24-h dietary recall method. Food insecurity data were based on the 30 day recall experience to food insecurity in the household. Factor analysis method using Principal Components extraction function was used to derive the dietary patterns and correlation analysis was used to establish the existing relationship between household food insecurity and dietary patterns factor score. Results Four food consumption patterns namely (I) Meat and milk; (II) Pulses, legumes, nuts and cooking oils; (III) fish (and other sea foods), roots and tubers; (IV) Cereals, vegetables and fruits consumption patterns were identified during harvest season. Dietary patterns identified during the rainy season were as follows: (I) Fruits, cooking oils, fats, roots and tubers (II) Eggs, meat, milk and milk products (III) Fish, other sea foods, vegetables, roots and tubers and (IV) Pulses, legumes, nuts, cereals and vegetables. Household food insecurity was 80% and 69% during rainy and harvest–seasons, respectively (P = 0.01). Household food insecurity access scale score was negatively correlated with the factor scores on household dietary diversity.
Nutrient Adequacy of Foods Consumed among Adult Population Residing in Urban Parts of Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, 2017) Majili, Z. S.; Pacific, R.; Bundala, N.
may result to poor nutritional status. However, determining the level of nutrient intakes may be used to establish nutritional adequacy of the diet consumed. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing nutrient adequacy of diet consumed by adult’s population in urban area of Dar-es-salaam. A cross sectional study was conducted among 270 adult’s population aged 25 to 64 years. Dietary intake was assessed by using a repeated 24hr dietary recall method and Nutrient adequacy ratio for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, cholesterol, iron, zinc and calcium was calculated. Mean age (years) of the subject was 38 ± 10.5 years. On average energy intake was2295.6 ± 264.6 Kcal. Average intake for protein, fat and carbohydrate were 65.6 ± 11.5g, 79 ± 18.5g and 337.2 ± 46.8g respectively. Mean saturated fat intake was 53.9 ± 14.9g. Other nutrients analyzed were fibre (23.9 ± 5.3g), iron (11.7 ± 2.8mg), zinc (8.2 ± 1.5mg) and calcium (299.8 ± 204.4mg). Mean dietary diversity score was 8where by more than 50% of the subjects consumed at least 8 food groups. Average nutrient adequacy ratio for energy was (0.86), fat (1.27), protein (1.05), carbohydrate (1.1), saturated fat (4.15), fiber (1.07), iron (0.31), zinc (0.89), calcium (0.3)and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for energy intake and 8nutrients was 1.22. Food consumed provided adequate nutrients due to composition of different foods groups. However, the nutrient adequacy ratio for calcium was very low compared to saturated fat which had a cut-off of 1, indicating that more fat has been consumed than recommended level. This may result in developing metabolic risk factors that contribute to the increase of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, promotion of diversified diets in a right proportion should be advocated to build a health society.
Preferences and consumption of pigeon peas among rural households as determinants for developing diversified products for sustainable health
(Sustainability, 2020) Majili, Z. S.; Nyaruhucha, C.; Kulwa, K.; Mutabazi, K.; Rybak, C.; Sieber, S.
Pigeon peas are legumes with a high nutritional value. Existing studies of pigeon peas in Tanzania mainly examine production and marketing, but little has been documented with respect to consumer preferences and the consumption of pigeon peas. This study assesses the preferences surrounding pigeon peas and their consumption as bases for the development of diversified and shelf-stable products for nutrition and income improvement. This study comprised 303 randomly selected farming households. Furthermore, 60 farmers participated in six focus group discussions in the Lindi region. A structured questionnaire and a checklist with guided questions were provided for data collection. The analysis uses SPSS (V.21), with di erences between groups established using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. The associations were tested using Spearman’s at p < 0.05. The mean pigeon peas consumption during the harvesting and lean seasons was 80 g/person/day and 18 g/person/day, respectively. The frequency of consumption was higher during the harvesting season (92%) than the lean (29%) season. The majority of farmers (91%) preferred to consume the local variety, with 84% of them consuming pigeon peas as stew. Five pigeon pea recipes exist in the area. The farmers identified availability, taste, source of income, and familiarity as the factors determining pigeon pea consumption and preferences. With limited recipes and other barriers limiting consumption, the creation of innovative ideas for the development of diversified and shelf-stable products fitting their consumption preferences is needed.