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SUAIRE
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Browsing by Author "Malisa, E.T"

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    Effectiveness of grassroots institutions in governing land management: a case of the uluguru mountains, Morogoro, Tanzania
    (Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023) Malisa, E.T
    Unsustainable land management practices have been reported in the Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania. Literature points to a clear association between land management and institutions; it reveals a problem in terms of effectiveness of conservation by-laws and indicates lack of focus on informal institutions. It is not clear as to how effective are land-related institutions when combined. Often times, formal and informal institutions have been studied in isolation from one another. This paper assessed the effectiveness of formal and informal institutions in governing land management. Data were collected through household survey and semi-structured interviews. Institutional effectiveness, indicated by behavioural change, was measured using Likert scale. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse the influence of independent variables on institutional effectiveness. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Results showed that institutions are generally effective in governing land management in the Uluguru Mountains. Formal institutions were seen to be legally binding. Informal institutions, though they influenced land management behaviour, were associated with declining credibility among the Luguru people. Land ownership security, awareness of institutions and market access were significantly important conditions for institutional effectiveness and hence ought to be the policy priorities. They provide knowledge on, and incentives for adherence to rules and norms. Ecological concerns motivated compliance with prescriptions on land management. Thus, actions on land management are not guided by individual rationality (the logic of costs and benefits) alone; they are also guided by the social rationality (doing what is appropriate or expected by a given community). While it is important to invest in formulation and/or amendment of formal rules for land management as deemed necessary, it is equally important to promote the good aspects of informal institutions, i.e. practices, norms and beliefs, which enhance land management behaviour
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    Influence of exogenous variables on interaction of small scale farmers with other actors in agricultural projects: a case of RIPAT-SUA project in Morogoro region, Tanzania
    (TAJAS, 2021) Ringo, G.P; Malisa, E.T
    Exogenous variables have the potential to influence interactions but have received little attention in the literature. Guided by Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework and social exchange theory (SET), the study described the patterns of farmers-other actors’ interactions, and determined exogenous factors influencing interactions using RIPAT-SUA project as a case study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through questionnaire survey and Focus Group Discussion (FGD)/key informant interview respectively. Multiple regression and content analysis were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Farmers-other actors’ interactions in agricultural projects increase with a decrease in distance from the market. Diversity of crops/livestock produced and the number of resources shared by actors had statistically significant influence on interactions. The RIPAT approach plays a crucial role in shaping the interactions; it influences the type of actors the farmers interact with and the pattern of interactions. The findings support the IAD and the SET, which, respectively, postulate that biophysical conditions (in this case proximity to market), and cost and rewards (in this case resources shared) are driving forces for farmers’ interactions. Rather than referring to it just as cost and rewards as the SET does, it should be explicit that both material and social benefits are important in shaping interactions. The study recommends ensuring that agricultural interventions are rewarding to farmers. Designing and implementation of agricultural projects ought to employ the RIPAT approach to spur fruitful interactions.
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    The Influence of High Value Crops Promotion on Soil and Water Conservation Practices in the Uluguru Mountains
    (Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2016) Malisa, E.T; Mattee, A.Z; de Graaff, J
    In the western Uluguru Mountains, agricultural officers have introduced soil and water conservation (SWC) practices including terraces, contour strip cropping and agroforestry which, if properly followed, would conserve the soil and improve agricultural production. Various high value crops (HVCs) promotion activities and other incentives have been used to help achieve this objective. Despite these efforts, most farmers continue to use annual ridges which are not effective in SWC, and some other unsustainable agricultural practices. This study sought to determine the influence of HVCs promotion actions on investment in SWC in Mgeta Division, Mvomero District. Data were collected through structured and unstructured interviews as well as direct observations. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to address study objectives. Results show that age, education and income, farm size and slope have significant influence on investment in SWC. Labour force and occupation were not significant. Land security was the most important incentive followed by agricultural sustainability, farm implements, irrigation improvement, labour sharing and suitability for growing HVCs. The least effective incentives were rewards/ prizes, market improvement, food-for-work and credit. The statistically significant variables that influence household’s decision to invest in SWC were HVCs (p = 0.005), irrigation improvement (p = 0.039), land security (p = 0.046) and slope of the farm plot (p = 0.083). Extension efforts, market improvement and farm size were not statistically significant. It is therefore recommended to promote SWC measures such as ladder terraces which can be integrated into existing farming systems and to promote HVCs for cultivating on promoted SWC measures. In addition, SWC policies and programmes should improve land security in order to stimulate SWC adoption

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