Browsing by Author "Mangi, H. O."

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Climate-smart agroforestry systems and practices: a systematic review of what works, what doesn’t work, and why
(ELSEVIER, 2023-02) Ntawuruhunga, D.; Ngowi, E. E.; Mangi, H. O.; Salanga, R. J.; Shikuku, K. M.
The prevailing global environmental distress, particularly in rural areas, calls for the adoption of integrated sustainable rural development strategies like climate-smart agroforestry (CSA) practices. CSAF is a new name for an old farming practice among the world’s traditional farmers, a holistic approach to land use in which trees, crops, and sometimes animals are combined within a managed farmland, a sustainable farming system and practice, and a pathway toward the mitigation and adaptation of the biggest challenge of our times: climate change. CSAF systems and practices provide a range of goods and services vital for human well-being, partic ularly for people who live below the poverty line. Yet a number of important knowledge, research, and adoption gaps remain regarding human-environment interactions, and the urgency behind these gaps reflects the need to inform evidence-based policymaking and practice to realize the potential for CSAF to support farmers’ liveli hoods. We conducted a review of CSAF system practices that contribute to achieving the SDGs, in particular those related to increased human well-being, and prosperity, soil and water conservation, bioenergy, climate change response, biodiversity conservation, and landscape management, from the SDGs outlook. The study specifically identifies, (i) what has been innovatively achieved in CSAF practices to cope with climate risks for environmental stability, improved farm productivity, farm income, and food security (what works), (ii) challenges facing smallholder farmers to adopt CSAF practices (what doesn’t work), and (iii) room for a significant contribution of CSAF practices in smallholder farmers’ productivity beyond what has been observed. Generally, the results show that CSAF practices have the potential to optimize different socio-economic returns and sustain environmental services. Farming with CSAF technologies has many advantages in both ecological and economic aspects that support the achievement of several of the SDGs, specifically SDG1 (no poverty), SDG2 (zero hunger), SDG3 (good health and well-being), SDG5 (gender equality), SDG6 (clean water and proper sanitation), SDG7 (affordable and clean energy), SDG13 (climate action), and SDG15 (life on land). Results showed that despite its contribution to the SDGs and its global widespread, the challenge remains linking knowledge and action in CSAF research, education, and capacity development. Farmers will not be able to solve the challenge of sustainable agriculture by themselves. Thus, efforts are required from both the public and the industry and effective public-private partnerships along the agricultural and food value chain. There are multidimensional aspects to CSAF which require in-depth scientific analysis for the extensive application of CSAF practices in sustainable land manage ment endeavors. Moreover, in this perspective, CSAF should keep its identity while seeking a role in the nexus of SDGs. We hope this review will provide a clearer picture of what the state-of-the-art in practicing smarter technologies in a changing climate is and provide a more holistic understanding of CSAF systems and practices, and the gaps regarding human-environment interactions, and the way forward to overcoming them.
Local versus imported food: opportunities and constraints for Tanzanian hotels
(2017-10-17) Mangi, H. O.; Urassa, J. K.
Developing countries are progressively experiencing economic growth through international tourism. Due to its unique characteristics, tourism is emerging as a potential opportunity for economic growth, earning of foreign exchange, and poverty reduction. The sale of goods and services to foreign tourists does not imply huge capital investments. Nevertheless, Tanzania's tourism depends heavily on imported food. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Morogoro Municipality and the cities of Dar es Salaam and Arusha in order to examine major reasons for the use of imported food by hotels serving tourists with a focus on opportunities and constraints in relation to the supply of local foods. In addition, the study aimed to identify tourists' food preferences. The study used both primary and secondary data. Results show that most of the food consumed in the hotels is locally sourced. Nonetheless, most of the food items are of foreign origin and, to a limited extent, food is supplied by local farmers and food producers. Imported food items included soft drinks, beverages, ingredients for hot drinks, and breakfast items. Poor quality of some locally available food, unreliability of supplies, lack of quality control systems, price fluctuations, insufficient packaging, and hygiene issues were major concerns that made most of the hoteliers avoid purchasing food items directly from local farmers. In view of this, it is recommended, among others, that the government and tourism stakeholders work with the farmers and suppliers to enhance awareness on food quality and hygienic handling of food items with a view of strengthening relationship between the sectors of agriculture and tourism for sustainable economic development.
Need for Sustainable Development: Theoretical and Practical Concerns for Sub-Saharan Africa
(IGI Global, 2018-01-01) Kabote, S. J.; Mangi, H. O.
Since 2015, the efforts to promote sustainable development turned into a new face after the 17 Sustainable Development Goals were embraced by the 193 nation states, in the world, to be implemented up to 2030. Despite this impressing milestone, the concept of SD is not explored sufficiently. This chapter reviews and discusses need for SD in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where poverty is rampant and livelihood security is deprived. The chapter argues that SSA needs SD. This can be achieved through a balance between the environment, society, economy and institutions, concurrently with interventions to eliminate abject poverty and improve livelihood security. Additionally, SSA should address the challenges that impede the efforts to promote SD seriously with considerations that the communities are heterogeneous and inequalities in different forms are lingering. The future research should investigate, among others, appropriate strategies and interventions to balance the environment, society and the economy for SD.
Tide management in the Elbe River and changes in ecosystem services
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2016-05-19) Mangi, H. O.
Flood currents (tidal pumping) have led to the increase of transportation of sediments to the river’s upper estuary. In the tidal section of the Elbe River, more sediment is transported to the upper estuary with flood currents (tidal pumping) related to tidal asymmetry. This process contributes, amongst others, to dredging in order to obtain the water depth required for navigation safety. Cognizant of the above problems, construction of shallow water area is planned in order to reduce tidal asymmetry while improving ecological integrity at the tidal Elbe areas. The study on which this paper is based was conducted to assess ecological integrity and ecosystem services before and after the shallow water creation. Habitat identification and quality ranking were conducted for current habitat, while model habitats representing future state (after shallow water creation) were designed using HEC-RAS model simulation. The assessment matrix was used to assess ecological integrity and ecosystem services provisioning of the study area’s habitats before and after the shallow water creation, using potential indicators. Results indicate that there is increase in the ecological integrity after the project implementation. Based on the above explanation, it can be concluded that the measure will increase the flow of ecosystem services after its implementation.