Browsing by Author "Massawe, Fatihiya Ally"

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    Gas extraction operations and livelihood diversification in Tanzania: rhetoric and reality
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023-06-20) Musoma, Beston Musa; Nyanda, Suzana Samson; Muhanga, Mikidadi Idd; Massawe, Fatihiya Ally
    The lives and livelihoods of farming and fishing communities in rural Tanzania are highly sus­ ceptible to extractive investment operations. Livelihood diversification in communities beyond agriculture and fishing can be an effective way to cope with the adverse impacts of extractive investment operations. Gas extraction operations (GEOs) are expected to change and diversify communities’ livelihoods. Tanzania has new GEOs; thus, it is necessary to investigate how they have diversified livelihoods in Mtwara Rural District. This article addresses the associations be­ tween GEOs and diversifying livelihoods. The paper explores (i) livelihood diversification before and during GEOs, (ii) associations between GEOs and villagers’ livelihoods diversification, and (iii) communities’ perspectives on GEOs and livelihood diversification. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to obtain 260 respondents. A questionnaire-based survey, four (4) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and fifteen (15) Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were used to collect data. IBM-SPSS version 25 was used to analyse quantitative data. The Chi-square test was employed to analyse livelihood diversification concerning GEOs. Content analysis was used for qualitative data. Near and distant communities saw farming decline by 81.5% and 83.5%, respectively. Also, fishing declined by 85.2% and 83.7%. On the other hand, GEOs enhanced motorbike transport by 160.0% and 300.0%, food vending improved by 166.7% and 236.4%, and seashell collection increased by 816.0% and 462.5%, respectively. GEOs diversified farming (p = 0.001), fishing (p = 0.008), agricultural wage labour (p = 0.000), and crop business (p = 0.036) with moderate strength of association. GEOs have diversified livelihoods in the study area. The study demon­ strates that communities surrounding GEOs are highly socioeconomically vulnerable due to GEOs which caused declining agricultural and fish catches, thus negatively affecting their livelihoods. It is recommended that long-term programmes such as the building of diverse agro-based enter­ prises for job creation, training on income-generating occupations, agribusiness and technical training are required to increase earnings and enhance living standards. Both public and private entities should conduct a targeted and context-specific initiative to increase livelihood diversi­ fication among nearby and distant households, which can improve livelihood resilience.
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    Introduction of the cassava processing technology adoption scale (CPTA) as a measurement tool for adoption of improved cassava processing technology
    (TIA Repository, 2020) Joshua, Joel Matiku; Massawe, Fatihiya Ally; Mwakalapuka, Amani Angumbwike
    With existence of everyday innovated agricultural technologies, researchers’ curiosity on the adoption of farming technologies in general and on improved cassava processing technology in particular by farmers is increasingly. However, lack of effective instrument of measuring farmers’ adoption of the improved cassava processing technology in particular has been restricting researchers from successfully predicting and describing the potential of farmers’ adoption of technology. With such a restriction in mind, this paper intends to introduce Cassava Processing Technology Adoption scale (CPTA), as a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the adoption of improved cassava-processing technology. The tool was pilot - tested using across – section survey design conducted in Serengeti District in Mara region of Tanzania. The survey aimed at testing validity and reliability of the instrument among 200 participants purposively selected among cassava farmers, of these, 101 were males and 99 were females. The instrument measured three components of the adoption of improved cassava processing technology namely, involvement in the pre - processing tasks, involvement in the processing tasks, and utilization of the processed cassava products. The results indicate that the scale managed to categorize three implementation stages (sub - scale s) of adoption and reached reliability of α = .86. α = .71, and α = .79 for involvement in the pre - processing tasks, involvement in the processing tasks, and utilization of the processed cassava products respectively. The reliability for the total adoption scale was α = .93. There were low to moderate correlations among the three sub- scales indicating that they measured the same trait while at the same time they singly measured one implementation stage of the adoption of improved cassava processing technology. The instrument was further able to categorize participants in their performance by sex, age, and levels of education. The CPTA is, therefore, valid and reliable tool with multidimensional nature, which is relevant in measuring the adoption as a construct. It is, however, recommended that the tool requires further validation studies for more refinement as it is potential for application in other samples within and outside Tanzania. The paper discusses the potential applicability of the tool in the field of agriculture and its theoretical implications.