Browsing by Author "Mathew, C."

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Antimicrobial activity of bidens pilosa leaves extracts against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli
(Tanzania Veterinary Association Proceedings, 2021) Mohamed, S. A.; Mathew, C.
Resistance against synthetic antimicrobial agents is one of the major global public health challenges that compel scientists to search for alternatives including those of plants origin. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are bacteria responsible for a variety of infections and diseases that causes significant morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. E. coli is widely distributed in nature and commonly found in lower gastro intestinal tracts of most warm- blooded animals associated with urinary tract infections and enterocolitis in humans and colibacillosis in poultry. This study was carried out to investigate antimicrobial activity of methanolic leaf extracts of Bidens pilosa against S. aureus and E. coli. Agar well diffusion method was used to assess antimicrobial activity of the leaf extracts at 20%, 50% and 70% concentrations respectively based on measured zone of inhibition. The leaf extracts of Bidens pilosa produced significant zone of inhibition indicating its antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The antimicrobial activity was demonstrated in all concentrations however, the highest zone of inhibition (18.5mm and 32mm) for E. coli and S. aureus respectively was at 70% concentration. The results shows that Bidens pilosa leaf extracts have antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria and have the potential for further development including identification of active components that can be tested for treatment of E. coli and S. aureus associated conditions. Key words: antimicrobial resistance, medicinal-plants, natural-products, blackjack, E. coli, S. aureus
Cytological and histopathological characteristics of canine transmissible venereal tumour in male and female dogs before and after vincristine treatment
(Tanzania Veterinary Association Proceedings, 2021) Katjimune, J. T.; Mathew, C.
Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a neoplasia naturally transmitted in susceptible dogs through coitus. CTVT has a worldwide distribution, with a high prevalence in tropical and sub-tropical urban environments. The study aimed at evaluating CTVT lesions in local breeds of dogs and to assess morphological changes based on sex before and after administration of vincristine sulphate. Clinical and gross morphology, fine needle aspirates cytology (FNAC) and routine histopathology methods were used. Two FNAC and histopathological microscopic slide sections from each of the seven sampled dogs were stained with Giemsa stain and Hematoxylin and Eosin. All dogs were treated with vincristine once weekly over a six weeks period after which clinical morphological and histopathological changes were assessed. Grossly, before treatment the tumour masses appeared irregular, cauliflower like with tendency to bleed, sizes ranged from ≥5cm to ≤2cm with or without metastasis to regional lymph nodes. Cytologically, the tumours had homogenous, sheet-like cellular mass. Cytoplasm with punctate vacuoles, anisokaryosis with anisonucleoliosis and coarse to reticulate nuclear chromatin were seen. Lymphocytoid cell pattern was dominant cell type. Histopathology showed sheets of round cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic variations. Histopathology of the treated dog revealed hyper- cellularity, absence of nucleoli, prominent mitotic figures, reduced cell size and presence of inflammatory cells. There was no difference on the cellular changes after vincristine treatment between female and male dogs. Cytology and histopathology showed that vincristine sulphate suppresses the development of tumour through alteration of cellular morphology with no difference between male and female dogs.
Lymphoid leukosis in commercial layers in Morogoro
(Tanzania Veterinary Association, 2010) Mathew, C.; Matondo, R. B.; Malago, J. J.; Maselle, R. M.; Mwamengele, G. L.
A total of 25 commercial layer carcases from seven poultry farms in Morogoro municipality were examined for gross and histopathological changes. Grossly, splenomegally, renomegally and hepatomegally were striking features. Both the liver and spleen were almost twice the size of normal organs. The surfaces of the liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs and the heart had yellowish white to grey multifocal and focally extensive patches of variable sizes. The lungs were consolidated. Histologically, the liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, and the heart had heavy infiltration of large lymphocytes with abundant cytoplasm and poorly stained eosinophilic cytoplasm. There were also small lymphocytes with scant cytoplasm and deeply stained eccentrically placed nuclei and numerous mitotic figures. The history, clinical signs, and pathologic features were suggestive of avian lymphoid leukosis