Browsing by Author "Misinzo, G"

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Crossing the Line: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Transboundary Animal Diseases Along the Tanzania-Zambia Border
(Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2022-03-11) Lysholm, S; Lindahl, J.F; Munyeme, M; Misinzo, G; Mathew, C; Alvåsen, K; Dautu, G; Linde, S; Mitternacht, L; Olovsson, E; Wilén, E; Berg, M; Wensman, J.J
Transboundary pathogens pose a threat to livelihood security in countries such as Zambia and Tanzania. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), sheep and goat pox virus (SGPV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and Brucella spp. in sheep and goats along the Tanzania-Zambia border. Another aim was to assess the association between certain predictor variables and seroprevalence, focusing on trade and proximity to an international border, to a town and to the Tanzania-Zambia highway. During September-October 2018, 486 serum samples from small ruminants in Zambia and 491 in Tanzania were collected and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). A questionnaire focused on management strategies was administered to each household. The animal-level seroprevalence in Zambia was 0.21% [95% confidence interval (CI) (0.01–1.14) for PPRV, 1.03% (95% CI 0.33–2.39) for FMDV, 0% (95% CI 0–0.76) for SGPV, 2.26%(95%CI 1.14–4.01) for RVFV and 1.65%(95%CI 0.71–3.22) for Brucella spp.]. In Tanzania, animal-level seroprevalence was 2.85% (95% CI 1.57–4.74) for PPRV, 16.9% (95% CI 13.7–20.5) for FMDV, 0.20% (95% CI 0.01–1.13) for SGPV, 3.26%(95%CI 1.87–5.24) for RVFV and 20.0%(95%CI 14.5–26.5) for Brucella spp. For PPRV (OR 6.83, 95% CI 1.37–34.0, p = 0.019) and FMDV (OR 5.68, 95% CI 1.58–20.3, p = 0.008), herds situated more than 30 km from an international border were more likely to be seropositive, while being located 10–30 km (OR 4.43, 95% CI 1.22–16.1 p = 0.024) from a border was identified as a risk factor for Brucella spp. For FMDV (OR 79.2, 95% CI 4.52–1388.9, p = 0.003), being situated within 30 km from a town was associated with seropositivity.Furthermore, contact with wild ruminants (OR 18.2, 95% CI 1.36–244), and the presence of sheep in the household (OR 5.20, 95% CI 1.00–26.9, p = 0.049), was associated with seropositivity for PPRV, and FMDV. No significantassociations between trade or distance to the Tan-Zam highway and seroprevalence were found. We recommend that the impact of trade and proximity to borders, towns and roads should be further evaluated in larger studies, ideally incorporating aspects such as temporal trade fluctuations.
Knowledge, attitude and practices on handling, processing and consumption of marine foods in Zanzibar, Tanzania
(2017-02) Rabia, A. R; Kimera, S. I; Wambura, P. N; Mdegela, R. H; Misinzo, G; Mbazi, E; Ngaya, R; Mzula, A
This study was carried out with the objective of assessing knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to marine food associated diseases (MFADs) among fish stakeholders in Zanzibar with socio-demographic characteristics of age, education level, sex, marital status and years of primary occupation. Study Design: A cross sectional study that utilized structured questionnaire was conducted Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Zanzibar, Tanzania between September 2015 and March 2016. Methodology: Structured questionnaires were developed and used to collect data from 663 respondents. Each individual KAP variable was divided into 2-3 elements; elements of knowledge were on transmission, epidemiology and symptoms in humans, elements of attitude were on attitude towards threat and towards control and elements of practices were on practices of disease prevention and practices of sharing of information. Mean of the dependant variables were calculated to identify their cut off points that decided the level of the variable under question. Data was then pooled together to obtain overall knowledge, overall attitude and overall practice. Chi-square test was used to determine statistical association among KAP variables. Results: Overall attitudes, overall knowledge and overall practices were highly associated (p=0.000) with age, level of education and primary occupation. Overall practices were associated with years of primary occupation (p<0.05). Moreover, years of primary occupation was highly associated with overall knowledge. None of the pooled dependant variables had association with gender or marital status (p>0.05). Overall attitudes, overall knowledge and overall practices were all observed to be highly associated (p=0.000) with each other. Conclusion: High association on MFADs was found in this study between KAP with sociodemographic variables. Sociodemographic variables can therefore be predictors of KAP. High association observed among overall KAP variables indicates synergism and interrelation amongst them. Gaps within elements of KAP need to be addressed to improve hygiene and handling of marine foods.
Pathogenic Escherichia fergusonii and Staphylococcus gallinarum co-infection in a free-ranging domestic chicken
(ROAVS, 2012) Misinzo, G; Mathew, C; Matondo, RB; Jumapili, F; Ludosha, M; Masola, S; Munisi, W; Viaene, W; Doorsselaere, J.
Examination was carried out in an emaciated and depressed free-range domestic chicken from Mpwapwa where multiple cases of a similar condition were observed in 2010. A loosely attached unilateral nodule on the ventral aspect of the right eye and similar other nodules around the base of feathers mainly on dorsal aspects of wings, neck and head were observed. The cut nodules were yellowish with a firm and cheesy consistency surrounded by hyperaemic skin. In addition, multiple grey foci of variable size on liver and localized areas of hyperaemia on duodenal mucosa with mucoid exudates in the lumen were observed. On histopathology, the nodular lesions consisted of hyperplastic feather follicles with broad bands of keratinocytes and extension of follicular epithelium into surrounding dermis. In addition, luminal folliculitis in the skin and hepatic portal vasculitis were observed. Excised lesions from the eye, skin and liver were streaked on bacteriological agar with or without penicillin and streptomycin to isolate bacteria. Bacteria grew in agar without antibiotics but not in agar containing antibiotics. Bacterial colonies were subcultured and passaged four times to obtain pure cultures. Based on colony morphology, two types of bacteria were isolated from each of the organs. DNA was extracted from bacteria followed by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rDNA using 27F and 1492R primers. Sequence similarity search in GenBank showed that the bacteria were Escherichia fergusonii and Staphylococcus gallinarum. The present study shows that the chicken had E. fergusonii and S. gallinarum co-infection sensitive to penicillin and streptomycin