Browsing by Author "Muhanga, Mikidadi I."

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A comparative analysis of levels of vulnerability of livelihood assets to gas extraction operations: evidence from Mtwara rural district, Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Community Development, 2023-05-07) Musoma, Beston M.; Nyanda, Suzana S.; Muhanga, Mikidadi I.; Massawe, Fatihiya A.
Extractive investments adversely affect local communities across the globe. Tanzania experiences new gas extraction operations (GEO) but with scanty information on how they influence the levels of vulnerability of livelihood assets among rural communities. As such,there is a need to empirically understand wplaces are more vulnerable than others so that livelihood enhancement actions can be performed following gas extraction operations. This article examined the levels of vulnerability of livelihood assets among communities residing near and distant villages to gas extractive fields and processing plants. A cross-sectional research design was employed, and 260 respondents were sampled proportionally from village registers.The sample was complemented with 15 key informant Interviews (KII) and four focus group discussions (FGDs). A comparative analysis was performed using Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). The results revealed that distant villages had the highest level of food accessibility and water accessibility. Also, neighbouring villages have the highest level of vulnerability on land ownership. Likewise, nearby villages had a moderate level of exposure to livelihood strategies and gas extraction activities. To conclude, distant villages had a higher level of vulnerability to food access, water access, and socio-demographic profile components. Whereas nearby villages had the highest level of vulnerability on land ownership and gas extraction operation components. Therefore, to lessen the food vulnerability among households, the government and donors should prioritize income generating and food security programmes among households.
A comparative analysis of levels of vulnerability of livelihood assets to gas extraction operations: evidence from Mtwara rural district, Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Community Development, 2023-05-07) Musoma, Beston M.; Nyanda, Suzana S.; Muhanga, Mikidadi I.; Massawe, Fatihiya A.
Extractive investments adversely affect local communities across the globe. Tanzania experiences new gas extraction operations (GEO) but with scanty information on how they influence the levels of vulnerability of livelihood assets among rural communities. As such, there is a need to empirically understand wplaces are more vulnerable than others so that livelihood enhancement actions can be performed following gas extraction operations. This article examined the levels of vulnerability of livelihood assets among communities residing near and distant villages to gas extractive fields and processing plants. A cross-sectional research design was employed, and 260 respondents were sampled proportionally from village registers. The sample was complemented with 15 key informant Interviews (KII) and four focus group discussions (FGDs). A comparative analysis was performed using Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). The results revealed that distant villages had the highest level of food accessibility and water accessibility. Also, neighbouring villages have the highest level of vulnerability on land ownership. Likewise, nearby villages had a moderate level of exposure to livelihood strategies and gas extraction activities. To conclude, distant villages had a higher level of vulnerability to food access, water access, and socio-demographic profile components. Whereas nearby villages had the highest level of vulnerability on land ownership and gas extraction operation components. Therefore, to lessen the food vulnerability among households, the government and donors should prioritize income generating and food security programmes among households.
An analysis of the informality of the informal sector in urban settings: a case of selected wards in Morogoro, Tanzania
(MOCU, 2020) Muhanga, Mikidadi I.
Understanding the extent of the informality of the sector has a profound influence on regulating and transforming the sector in urban settings. Despite the usefulness of understanding how informal is the informal sector in urban settings, very little has been empirically documented on the informality of the informal sector in urban settings in Tanzania. It is against this background that a cross-sectional study was conducted in Morogoro Municipality to analyse the settings and characteristics of the informal sector. The study specifically assessed the informality of the informal sector by analysing the characteristics and settings of the urban informal sector. An index of the score was constructed to measure the informality of the informal activities. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 80 respondents obtained through a multistage sampling technique. The findings reveal a higher level of informality from the businesses studied. The findings show that those most involved in the informal sector had low levels of education and no business skills, and generally use family labour, willing to operate businesses at times and locations convenient to customers. The findings further show that 55 % of the informal sector activities obtained capital from owners’ sources, and it was further revealed that 82.5 % of the businesses or activities operating in the informal sector in the selected wards were not licensed and rarely used any machinery. Results further show that 50% of the activities /businesses surveyed were owned by families. The findings further indicate that of the surveyed businesses only 17.5% (95% CI: 15.0 to 19.9) had their businesses falling under low level of informality, 40.0 % ( 95% CI: 37.2 to 43.1) on a medium level of informality and 42.5 % ( 95% CI: 39.5 to 45.9) on the high level of informality. The surveyed businesses in selected wards in Morogoro municipality possessed a variety of characteristics indicating the various levels of informality. The study recommends further studies to assess the informality of the informal sector and the development of appropriate policy responses to accommodate the needs of the informal sector by the local governments.
A comparative analysis of levels of vulnerability of livelihood assets to gas extraction operations: evidence from Mtwara rural district, Tanzania
(The Journal that advances the profession and practice of Community Development, 2023-05-07) Musoma, Beston M.; Nyanda, Suzana S.; Muhanga, Mikidadi I.; Massawe, Fatihiya A.
Extractive investments adversely affect local communities across the globe. Tanzania experiences new gas extraction operations (GEO) but with scanty information on how they influence the levels of vulnerability of livelihood assets among rural communities. As such, there is a need to empirically understand wplaces are more vulnerable than others so that livelihood enhancement actions can be performed following gas extraction operations. This article examined the levels of vulnerability of livelihood assets among communities residing near and distant villages to gas extractive fields and processing plants. A cross-sectional research design was employed, and 260 respondents were sampled proportionally from village registers. The sample was complemented with 15 key informant Interviews (KII) and four focus group discussions (FGDs). A comparative analysis was performed using Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). The results revealed that distant villages had the highest level of food accessibility and water accessibility. Also, neighbouring villages have the highest level of vulnerability on land ownership. Likewise, nearby villages had a moderate level of exposure to livelihood strategies and gas extraction activities. To conclude, distant villages had a higher level of vulnerability to food access, water access, and socio-demographic profile components. Whereas nearby villages had the highest level of vulnerability on land ownership and gas extraction operation components. Therefore, to lessen the food vulnerability among households, the government and donors should prioritize income generating and food security programmes among households.
Health Literacy, Health Behaviour and Healthcare Seeking Behaviour in Rural Settings in Tanzania: Towards a Conceptual Framework
(ELSEVIER, 2021) Muhanga, Mikidadi I.
Conceptual framework can serve very useful purposes when it comes to formulating research questions and developing hypotheses. This article presents a conceptual framework from a study conducted in rural settings in Mvomero district in Morogoro, Tanzania. The study assessed health literacy (HL) and its influence on health Behaviour (HB) and health care seeking behaviour (HCSB) as well as attitudes of people under One Health Approach (OHA). This article shares with readers who intend to conduct similar studies focusing on the connection between HL, HB and HCSB on the framework to be employed in studies of those nature. The intention of this article is not to present the whole study, but to share a detailed account of a conceptual framework. This framework is on the connection between HL, HB and HCSB. The framework informs health education and HL interventions; particularly, on ways the interventions can effectively lead to health behavioural change in the context of One Health Approach (OHA). Other studies can be conducted to assess HL in other areas of Tanzania and beyond using this conceptual framework. This analytical framework is vital at this particular moment when the need for educating people to become more health literate is pertinent. It is recommended that the conceptual framework should contextualize to attain additional context specific variables
Public-private-partnership stakeholders’ alignment in health system and universal health coverage attainment progress in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania
(College of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022-09-09) Kimario, Kanti A.; Muhanga, Mikidadi I.; Kayunze, Kim A.
Public-Private-Partnerships (PPPs) have gained prominence in Tanzania and other low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) since the 1990s. PPPs have emerged as an alternative approach to the provision of public goods including healthcare services to improve the progress toward attaining Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The reviewed body of literature has mostly dwelt on the benefits and challenges of PPPs in health services provision in different contexts from within and outside Tanzania. The contracted PPPs for healthcare providers are expected to align their objectives with those stipulated in the service agreement for better healthcare delivery. Thus, it was important to determine the extent to which PPP stakeholders’ alignment with services agreement can be attributed to the progress toward UHC attainment in the Kilimanjaro region. This article (i) examined PPP stakeholders’ adherence to key objectives as specified in the service agreement and (ii) determined the relationship between PPP alignment in the health system and progress towards UHC attainment. A case study research design was used involving a sample size of 40 respondents. Multi-stage sampling was employed to obtain the respondents for a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis (summated scales expressed in percentages) for objective one was done. Partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed for the second study objective. Results revealed that PPP adherence to key objectives as specified in the service agreement was perceived to be high as per the respondents' rating from Likert items. Results for PLS-SEM indicated, R2 = 0.717 for UHC implying that 71.7% of the variance in UHC attainment was attributed to PPP stakeholders’ alignment with a service agreement in the health system. Factors including quality monitoring and control standards (β = 0.308, p < 0.05) and time span for contract implementation (β = 0.333, p < 0.05), had statistically significant effect on the progress towards UHC attainment. Besides, variables for PPP alignment with service agreement were positively related to the progress towards UHC attainment. Effective PPP alignment to the health system goes hand in hand with PPP partners’ adherence to the key objectives as specified in the service agreement. It is recommended that the LGAs and the Ministry of health should promote formal PPP collaborations through service agreements.