Browsing by Author "Muhanga, Mikidadi Idd"

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An investigation into outsourcing towards efficiency improvement, span of control and operational costs reduction in public universities in Morogoro region
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2007) Muhanga, Mikidadi Idd
This study was conducted to investigate into outsourcing towards efficiency improvement, span of control and operational costs reduction in public universities (PUs) in Morogoro region Mzumbe University and Sokoine University of Agriculture. Specifically the study had the following objectives: (a) to investigate operationalization of outsourcing in PUs, (b) to assess the potentiality of outsourcing towards efficiency improvement and span of control reduction, (c) to assess cost effectiveness of outsourcing as a management strategy and (d) To review and compare the levels of outsourcing in PUs in Morogoro and recommend on the possibility of outsourcing for efficiency enhancing and lowering costs. The study is based on a survey of the Departments of Personnel, Finance, Planning and Admissions in PUs in Morogoro plus the private companies providing services in PUs in Morogoro. A checklist was used to collect information from the heads of departments plus the private services providers (PSPs) representatives. Data analysis entailed of a number of descriptive statistics and cross tabs. Results revealed that outsourcing in PUs in Morogoro is guided by the Public Procurement (Goods, Works, Non-consultant Services and Disposal of Public Assets by Tender) Regulations of 2005. Significant reductions in span of control has been registered through outsourcing management strategy, efficiency has been enhanced to those responsible for supervision, and it was further revealed that outsourcing is cost effective than “own managing” with respect to non core functions, PUs have registered significant reductions in operational costs. The study recommended that: PUs need to conduct organizational analysis and planning, merge cadres, establish secretarial pools and insist on ICT competence among the Senior and Middle level Officers and pursue further outsourcing of their non core functions which constitute most of under qualified staff in PUs, this will enhance efficiency, reduce both operational costs and span of control. Overall the study asserts that outsourcing has a value to add in PUs management in Tanzania.
Gas extraction operations and livelihood diversification in Tanzania: rhetoric and reality
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-06-20) Musoma, Beston Musa; Nyanda, Suzana Samson; Muhanga, Mikidadi Idd; Massawe, Fatihiya Ally
The lives and livelihoods of farming and fishing communities in rural Tanzania are highly sus ceptible to extractive investment operations. Livelihood diversification in communities beyond agriculture and fishing can be an effective way to cope with the adverse impacts of extractive investment operations. Gas extraction operations (GEOs) are expected to change and diversify communities’ livelihoods. Tanzania has new GEOs; thus, it is necessary to investigate how they have diversified livelihoods in Mtwara Rural District. This article addresses the associations be tween GEOs and diversifying livelihoods. The paper explores (i) livelihood diversification before and during GEOs, (ii) associations between GEOs and villagers’ livelihoods diversification, and (iii) communities’ perspectives on GEOs and livelihood diversification. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to obtain 260 respondents. A questionnaire-based survey, four (4) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and fifteen (15) Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were used to collect data. IBM-SPSS version 25 was used to analyse quantitative data. The Chi-square test was employed to analyse livelihood diversification concerning GEOs. Content analysis was used for qualitative data. Near and distant communities saw farming decline by 81.5% and 83.5%, respectively. Also, fishing declined by 85.2% and 83.7%. On the other hand, GEOs enhanced motorbike transport by 160.0% and 300.0%, food vending improved by 166.7% and 236.4%, and seashell collection increased by 816.0% and 462.5%, respectively. GEOs diversified farming (p = 0.001), fishing (p = 0.008), agricultural wage labour (p = 0.000), and crop business (p = 0.036) with moderate strength of association. GEOs have diversified livelihoods in the study area. The study demon strates that communities surrounding GEOs are highly socioeconomically vulnerable due to GEOs which caused declining agricultural and fish catches, thus negatively affecting their livelihoods. It is recommended that long-term programmes such as the building of diverse agro-based enter prises for job creation, training on income-generating occupations, agribusiness and technical training are required to increase earnings and enhance living standards. Both public and private entities should conduct a targeted and context-specific initiative to increase livelihood diversi fication among nearby and distant households, which can improve livelihood resilience.
Health information and communication needs Under one health approach in tanzania: do health Professionals influence health literacy?
(MOCU, 2021) Muhanga, Mikidadi Idd
Health professionals (HPs) have always been considered as a source of health information (HI). Nonetheless, potentiality of this source relies on HPs’ recognition and response to the community’s information and communication needs hence contributing significantly to diseases prevention, health care and promotion. Definitely, attaining optimal health calls for collaboration among animals, humans, and environmental HPs plus understanding the consequences of the interactions of animals, humans, and environment on health. This article discusses the influence of HPs on health literacy (HL) in the context of One Health Approach (OHA) in Morogoro, Tanzania. Through the use of questionnaire, data were captured from a 1440 sample which was obtained by the use of multistage sampling. The study also involved 16 and 80 individuals as a key informant interviews and focus group discussions respectively. Score Indexes measured the interaction of HPs with community members (CMs) and HL. A chi-squared test assessed the influence of HPs on HL. IBM-SPSS v.20 was employed in analysing quantitative data; whereas qualitative data were thematically analysed. Findings show that (32.9%) of the respondents had adequate HL, while (30.8%) and (36.3%) had moderate and inadequate HL. Findings further show a significant association between the level of HPs’ interactions with CMs and HL, (χ 2 = 168.593, p= 0.000, phi =0.342). This concludes that HPs influence HL. Effective interventions should be formulated to enable HPs attend to CMs’ information and communication needs for further influence of HL under OHA.
Households’ socio-demographic, health-related characteristics and progress towards attainment of universal health coverage in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Community Development, 2022-10-25) Kimario, Kanti Ambrose; Muhanga, Mikidadi Idd; Kayunze, Kim Abel
Households’ characteristics should not hinder the progress toward attaining Universal Health Coverage (UHC). UHC attainment progress in Kilimanjaro Region involved assessing perceived differences between households’ characteristics and UHC factors (accessibility, affordability, and service delivery quality). The study employed a cross-sectional design involving 384 households and 30 health facilities selected through multi- stage and purposive sampling approaches, respectively. Data were collected through survey questionnaires. Through IBM-SPSS household- based data were analysed using Kruskal Wallis H and Mann Whitney U tests. Health facilities-based data were analysed through Geometric mean computation using MS-Excel to obtain UHC service coverage index. Results indicated: Occupation (p=0.012), general household health condition (GHHC) (p=0.039), health insurance membership (HIM) (p=0.039), and presence of non-communicable disease (p=0.032); GHHC (p=0.041); income (p=0.000), occupation (p= 0.000), education (p=0.004), health check-up frequency (p=0.001), and HIM (p=0.000) were significantly different in health services delivery quality, accessibility, and affordability, respectively. UHC service coverage index was 69.9%, which is fairly good about the WHO recommendation of 80%. Therefore, households’ characteristics can impair health services access and, consequently, impair progress towards UHC attainment. To improve UHC attainment progress, service providers, LGAs and MoH should work towards improving the service domains, which scored below threshold and promotion of universal health insurance.