Browsing by Author "Munishi, Bernadetha Pantaleo"

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Dynamics of coffee certifications in producer countries: re-examining the Tanzanian status, challenges and impacts on livelihoods and environmental conservation
(MDPI, 2021-09) Kangile, Joseph, Rajabu; Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Munishi, Bernadetha Pantaleo; Kashaigili, Japhet; Munishi, Pantaleo K. T.
Certification is increasingly becoming necessary for accessing coffee export markets and practicing environmental conservation, especially at this time when many of the farmers in develop- ing countries strive to achieve agricultural transformation. Using data from 400 randomly selected coffee farmers in Tanzania, the study determined the status, constraints, key drivers, and impact of coffee certifications. Descriptive statistics and the endogenous switching regression (ESR) model were used for data analysis. Results indicated that the level of coffee certification is low, being constrained by unawareness and inaccessibility, the prevalence of coffee diseases, failure in realizing price advan- tages, and certification not being cost effective. Economies of scale, experience, and participation in collective actions are significant factors affecting coffee farmers’ decision to join certification schemes. Additionally, the study rejects the hypothesis of certification to improve household income. However, certification improved awareness and practices of environmental conservation among coffee farmers. It is thus important to embark on awareness creation and make certification services accessible and cost effective to coffee farmers for increased access to niche export markets. Easing transmission of price premiums to coffee farmers will also increase the supply of sustainably grown coffee, improve coffee farmers’ livelihood, and help in the attainment of environmental sustainability goals within the coffee supply chain.
Dynamics of coffee certifications in producer countries: re-examining the Tanzanian status, challenges and impacts on livelihoods and environmental conservation
(MDPI, 2021-09-20) Kangile, Joseph Rajabu; Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Munishi, Bernadetha Pantaleo; Kashaigili, Japhet; Munishi, Pantaleo K. T.
Certification is increasingly becoming necessary for accessing coffee export markets and practicing environmental conservation, especially at this time when many of the farmers in develop- ing countries strive to achieve agricultural transformation. Using data from 400 randomly selected coffee farmers in Tanzania, the study determined the status, constraints, key drivers, and impact of coffee certifications. Descriptive statistics and the endogenous switching regression (ESR) model were used for data analysis. Results indicated that the level of coffee certification is low, being constrained by unawareness and inaccessibility, the prevalence of coffee diseases, failure in realizing price advan- tages, and certification not being cost effective. Economies of scale, experience, and participation in collective actions are significant factors affecting coffee farmers’ decision to join certification schemes. Additionally, the study rejects the hypothesis of certification to improve household income. However, certification improved awareness and practices of environmental conservation among coffee farmers. It is thus important to embark on awareness creation and make certification services accessible and cost effective to coffee farmers for increased access to niche export markets. Easing transmission of price premiums to coffee farmers will also increase the supply of sustainably grown coffee, improve coffee farmers’ livelihood, and help in the attainment of environmental sustainability goals within the coffee supply chain.
Potential benefits of carbon trade as an economic incentive for emission reduction: a case of community based forest management in Kilwa district, Tanzania
(Sokoine University Of Agriculture, 2013) Munishi, Bernadetha Pantaleo
This study was conducted with the overall objective of analyzing the role of carbon trading towards forest conservation to reduce emission through Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) under Community Based Forest Management (CBFM). The study was conducted in Kilwa district where REDD pilot project is being implemented by Mpingo Conservation Development Initiatives (MCDI), and where also most baseline information is available. Both socio-economic and ecological data were collected. Household questionnaires were administered to 120 households, and Participatory Rural Approach were used to collect the primary data for the study. Sample villages included those who were under REDD (40), those who were not under REDD (40) and those practicing Participatory Forest Management (PFM) only (40). The ecological data included the carbon stocks in forests managed under the three categories. Data were analyzed using both SPSS software and Microsoft Excel. A binary Logit regression analysis was used to analyses the factors/incentives influencing local participation in REDD+ activities. Participation in REDD+/CBFM and forest management activities was found to increase significantly with increase in benefits and incentives for forest management, especially the potentials for future carbon trading It was found that there is an expected net income averaging to more than TZS 410 891 27 147, and TZS 195 007 per household from the sales of carbon in Liwiti, Migeregere and Mchakama villages respectively if they sale their carbon under REDD+ activities. This can further be invested to expand CBFM for sustainable timber harvest as the goal of MCDI project. In addition more revenues, amounting to TZS 2 mill from the sales of other forest products is expected, if the community will be allowed to sale other products from the forests under REDD+ mechanisms, giving better logical incentive package for the community to participation in forest management. In general, there was increased access to livelihood assets within the community especially financial, natural, physical, and human assets, attributed to CBFM project both at household and community levels. However, from the distribution point of view, producers (villagers) get low income from the sales of other forest products compared to other actors in the value chain of these products. Nevertheless, villagers gain more additional income from sustainable timber harvests that can be expanded as a result of the money obtained from the sales of carbon credits. It is therefore, plausible to conclude that REDD+/CBFM have positive effects on the livelihoods of the adjacent communities and it is therefore, recommended that the communities should be sensitized to participate in REDD+/CBFM activities for improved livelihoods and reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
The role of coffee production and trade on gender equity and livelihood improvement in Tanzania
(MDPI, 2021-09-13) Kangile, Joseph Rajabu; Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Munishi, Bernadetha Pantaleo; Kashaigili, Japhet; Munishi, Pantaleo K. T.
Achieving the sustainable development goals in developing countries will require the realization of benefits from the global supply and value chains, such as coffee, for inclusive economic development and poverty reduction. This study uses the data of 400 men and women randomly sampled coffee farmers from a developing country, Tanzania, to evaluate coffee income distribution, and how general coffee production and trade contribute to gender equity and livelihood improvement. Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition and Gini coefficient models are used for data analysis. We find a gender imbalance from the ownership and control of resources to the participation of men and women in the coffee supply chain. However, investing in supporting the coffee supply chain has an impact on livelihood improvement, due to coffee income inequality reducing effects. There is a gender gap in the income earned from coffee production and trading, which is 44% of the women’s structural disadvantages. Empowerment for equal access to land and credit, and offering trade facilitation services will bridge the existing gender gap. Additionally, developing and disseminating new coffee production technologies that will reduce discrimination, by offering new opportunities and making coffee an inclusive supply chain, remains imperative.