Browsing by Author "Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan"

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Diversity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes in iron and zinc contents under screenhouse conditions
(2010) Tryphone, George Muhamba; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan
Deficiencies in iron and zinc have health consequences for humans, such as anaemia, poor growth and development in children and low productivity in adults. To guarantee sufficient supply of iron and zinc through diet mainly consisting of staple foods, such as common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), specific interventions in plant breeding are needed. However, seed mineral content has not been a selection criterion for plant breeding, although genetic variation for this trait is present in available germplasm collections. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability of iron and zinc concentrations among common bean genotypes grown in four major bean growing areas in Tanzania for breeding work. Ninety genotypes collected were evaluated under screen house at Sokoine University of Agriculture. A completely randomized design with three replications was used. Seeds and leaves were collected, dried, ground and the powder was used for iron and zinc determination using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Variation in iron and zinc contents was observed among genotypes both in seeds and leaves and best genotypes identified. Results have shown a positive and significant correlation(r=o.416;P<0.001) between iron and zinc, suggesting that genetic factors for increasing iron and zinc are co-segregating with genetic factors for increasing zinc. Leaves of the studied varieties have moderate level of zinc (28.0 ppm) and high level of iron (310.0 ppm) forming good source of micronutrients in combating micronutrient malnutrition. Genotypes with high level of iron and zinc should be used as a gene source in future breeding work.
Effect of Watering Regimes on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Exotic Groundnut Genotypes in Tanzania
(Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2019) Philipo, Mashamba; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in rain fed regions of Africa is mostly affected by intermittent drought of different duration and intensity. Improvement of groundnuts for drought tolerance could increase production in drought prone areas. Therefore, this study aimed at (i) determining the effect of Watering regimes on yield and agronomic traits of exotic Groundnut genotypes and (ii) identifying drought tolerant genotypes as source material for breeding and drought tolerant varieties. Thirty groundnut genotypes were evaluated for drought tolerance under well watered and water stress conditions in the screen house at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Tanzania. A split plot design with four replications was used whereby the watering regimes were the main plots with varieties planted as subplots Data were recorded on plant height, number of pod/plant and pod yield/plant. Results showed that drought significantly reduced pod yield, number of pods/plant and plant height. Eleven genotypes namely; ICG 2106, ICR 48, ICGS 44, ICG 3053, ICG 11088, ICGV-SM 87003, ICG 12235, ICG 13723, ICGV 02271, ICGV 97182 and ICGV 91114 gave better pod yield and number of pods/plants in water stress conditions and are recommended for use in breeding program as drought tolerant varieties and sources for breeding materials.
Effects of soil pH levels on iron and zinc concentrations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes
(African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2024-07) Magomere, Kinguye Masamaki; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan; Tryphone, George Muhamba
Plants grown in acid soils experience a variety of stresses which include aluminium, hydrogen and/or manganese toxicity, as well as nutrient deficiencies of calcium and magnesium. A study was carried out to determine the influence of soil pH levels on iron and zinc concentrations in leaves and seeds of twenty-five common bean genotypes. Plastic cups trial was carried out in the screen house to determine the actual amount of quick lime Ca(OH)2 required to reach a targeted soil pH level. In each pot, 4 kg soil was amended with Ca(OH)2 to obtain the target soil pH levels of 5.3, 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5. The experimental design followed a randomized complete block design in a split plot arrangement with three replications per treatment. The pH levels were treated as main factor and genotypes as sub plot. Data collected include leaf iron concentration, seed iron concentration, leaf zinc concentration, and seed zinc concentration and analysis of variance was performed for all data using GenStat statistical package 15th edition. The result demonstrated that soil pH affects absorption of micronutrients directly or indirectly by affecting the nutrients availability to common bean plants.
From policy promises to result through innovation in African agriculture?
(MDPI, 2021-05-05) Haug, Ruth; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan; Murage, Alice; Moeletsi, Mokhele; Magalasi, Mufunanji; Mutimura, Mupenzi; Hundessa, Feyisa; Cacchiarelli, Luca; Westengen, Ola T
The problem addressed in this paper is the challenge of moving from formulating policygoals to achieving the promised results. The purpose is to assess the possible role of innovationin agriculture as a way of contributing towards achieving the Malabo Declaration commitmentsand the zero hunger Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2) in six African countries. Since theSDGs are high on both international and many national agendas, there is a need to increase ourknowledge of how to move beyond formulating goals. The approach includes both quantitative andqualitative data from a multisite research and development project. Moving from promises in relationto policy goals such as SDG2 and the Malabo Declaration to actions that make a difference at locallevel is a challenging task, and COVID-19 has added negatively to that challenge. Technological andinstitutional innovations exist that have the potential to improve the agricultural productivity, foodsecurity, and income levels of smallholder men and women farmers. However, innovation processesare hindered by barriers related to governmental, economic, knowledge-based, socio-cultural, andresource-based factors. To overcome these barriers, governance needs to go further than defininggoals, and proceed to the next step of establishing effective implementation mechanisms that ensurethe promised result.
Genetic characterization of angular leaf spot resistance in selected common bean landraces from Tanzania
(African Journal of Biotechnology, 2015) Muhamba Tryphone, George; Amos Chilagane, Luseko; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan; Mbogo Kusolwa, Paul
Angular leaf spot disease (ALS) caused by Pseudocercospora griseola is one of the most important bean diseases in Tanzania. The bean landraces Beti-10, Nanka, Nanavala and Nkanamna used in this study have been identified as resistant to ALS but the nature of inheritance and mechanisms of resistance against ALS in those potential sources has not been elucidated. This information is crucial and a necessary first step for a successful breeding programme. The objective of this work was to study the inheritance of ALS resistance in those landraces and to identify the mechanisms of genetic resistance using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. Crosses were made between resistant bean landraces and a susceptible bean cv Kablanketi. The parents, F1, F2 and backcrosses derived plants were used for inheritance studies and for molecular marker screening using 30 SSR markers. Results indicate that, a single dominant gene control resistance against ALS in each of the four landraces; also the SSR marker Pv-ag004 was found to be polymorphic between Beti-10 and Kablanketi and linked to the disease resistance. The resistance were validated by checking the F2 population of the cross between Kablanketi × Beti-10. Therefore, since marker Pv-ag004 is polymorphic and linked to ALS resistance, the Beti-10 landrace might be a potential source of ALS resistance. However, a detailed study with more markers need to be done on these landraces with a view to opening the possibilities of identifying new markers linked to ALS resistance and mapping of genes associated with resistance to ALS.
Genetic characterization of angular leaf spot resistance in selected common bean landraces from Tanzania
(African Journal of Biotechnology, 2015-10-28) Tryphone, George Muhamba; Chilagane, Luseko Amos; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan; Kusolwa, Paul Mbogo
Angular leaf spot disease (ALS) caused by Pseudocercospora griseola is one of the most important bean diseases in Tanzania. The bean landraces Beti-10, Nanka, Nanavala and Nkanamna used in this study have been identified as resistant to ALS but the nature of inheritance and mechanisms of resistance against ALS in those potential sources has not been elucidated. This information is crucial and a necessary first step for a successful breeding programme. The objective of this work was to study the inheritance of ALS resistance in those landraces and to identify the mechanisms of genetic resistance using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. Crosses were made between resistant bean landraces and a susceptible bean cv Kablanketi. The parents, F1, F2 and backcrosses derived plants were used for inheritance studies and for molecular marker screening using 30 SSR markers. Results indicate that, a single dominant gene control resistance against ALS in each of the four landraces; also the SSR marker Pv-ag004 was found to be polymorphic between Beti-10 and Kablanketi and linked to the disease resistance. The resistance were validated by checking the F2 population of the cross between Kablanketi × Beti-10. Therefore, since marker Pv-ag004 is polymorphic and linked to ALS resistance, the Beti-10 landrace might be a potential source of ALS resistance. However, a detailed study with more markers need to be done on these landraces with a view to opening the possibilities of identifying new markers linked to ALS resistance and mapping of genes associated with resistance to ALS.
Genetic parameters estimate of iron and zinc nutrients in common bean genotypes
(African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2024-06) Magomere, Kinguye Masamaki; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan; Tryphone, George Muhamba
There is need to know the heritability of different traits for the effective selection of parents for future breeding activities. A study was carried out to determine heritability of iron and zinc in common bean. Crosses were made with each donor and recipient parents to obtain four different types of crosses. Part of the F1 seed from each cross was sown in the screen house to produce F2 seeds and also backcrossed to both parents. Heritability was estimated using backcross method for high broad sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability. Broad sense heritability for progenies of NUA 11 × Zawadi (56%), NUA 11 × Pesa (76%), NUA 17 × Zawadi (57%) and NUA 17 × Pesa (59%) were obtained. Narrow sense heritability estimates for progenies of NUA 11×Zawadi, NUA 11 × Pesa, NUA 17 ×Zawadi and NUA 17 × Pesa were 65%, 71%, 79% and 63%, respectively. Genetic advance (GA) values for NUA 17 × Zawadi, NUA 11 × Pesa, NUA 17 × Pesa and NUA 11 × Zawadi was 35, 12.3, 3.5 and 1%, respectively. This study demonstrates that there is a potential for improvement of concentration of iron and zinc in common bean genotypes. Therefore, selection of a superior genotype on the basis of its phenotypic performance, heritability of traits could be well exploited.
Inheritance of Angular Leaf Spot [Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr] Resistance in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Population Developed from Kablanketi Mexico 54
(Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2012-07-20) Tryphone, George Muhamba; Chilagane, Luseko Amos; Kusolwa, Paul Mbogo; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan
The genetic resistance to angular leaf spot (ALS) caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola in the common bean cultivar Mexico 54 was investigated on disease reactions in parental, F1, F2 and backcross generations derived from crosses between a resistant cultivar Mexico 54 and a susceptible cultivar Kablanketi under screen house conditions. The heritability (h2) estimate was as high as 0.719 indicating a successful transfer of ALS resistance among progenies and thus selection can be performed in early generation. High heritability coupled with high expected genetic advance of 39.5% is considered to be more useful in predicting the outcome of selecting the best individuals. Chi-square values were computed to determine whether the observed ratios for disease reactions deviated from expected Mendelian ratios for a single, dominant gene controlling resistance to angular leaf spot in common bean. Based on the resistance of the F2, and the backcross generation to the resistant parent, a 3 resistant: 1 susceptible segregation ratio in the F2 and a 1 resistant: 1 susceptible segregation ratio in the backcross generation to the susceptible parent was obtained implying that resistance to the isolate of Phaeoisariopsis griseola is governed by a single, dominant gene.
Inheritance of angular leaf spot [Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr] resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) population developed from Kablanketi x Mexico 54
(David Publishing, 2012-07-20) Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan; Tryphone, George Muhamba; Chilagane, Luseko Amos; Kusolwa, Paul Mbogo
The genetic resistance to angular leaf spot (ALS) caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola in the common bean cultivar Mexico 54 was investigated on disease reactions in parental, F1, F2 and backcross generations derived from crosses between a resistant cultivar Mexico 54 and a susceptible cultivar Kablanketi under screen house conditions. The heritability (h2 ) estimate was as high as 0.719 indicating a successful transfer of ALS resistance among progenies and thus selection can be performed in early generation. High heritability coupled with high expected genetic advance of 39.5% is considered to be more useful in predicting the outcome of selecting the best individuals. Chi-square values were computed to determine whether the observed ratios for disease reactions deviated from expected Mendelian ratios for a single, dominant gene controlling resistance to angular leaf spot in common bean. Based on the resistance of the F2, and the backcross generation to the resistant parent, a 3 resistant: 1 susceptible segregation ratio in the F2 and a 1 resistant: 1 susceptible segregation ratio in the backcross generation to the susceptible parent was obtained implying that resistance to the isolate of Phaeoisariopsis griseola is governed by a single, dominant gene.
Prediction of cooking time for soaked and unsoaked dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using hyperspectral imaging technology
(The Plant Phenome Journal, 2018-11-25) Mendoza, Fernando A; Wiesinger, Jason A; Lu, Renfu; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan; Miklas, Phillip N; Kelly, James D; Cichy, Karen A
The cooking time of dry bean varies widely by genotype and is also influenced by the growing environment, storage conditions, and cooking method. Thus high-throughput phenotyping methods to assess cooking time would be useful to breeders interested in developing cultivars with a desired cooking time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of hyperspectral imaging technology for predicting dry bean cooking time. Fourteen dry bean genotypes with a wide range of cooking times were grown in five environments over 2 yr. Hyperspectral images were taken from whole dry seeds, and partial least squares regression models based on the extracted hyperspectral image features were developed to predict water uptake and cooking time of soaked and unsoaked beans. Relatively good predictions of water uptake were obtained, as mea-sured by the correlation coefficient for prediction (Rpred = 0.789) and standard error of prediction (SEP = 4.4%). Good predictions of cooking time for soaked beans (ranging between 19.9–95.5 min) were achieved giving Rpred = 0.886 and SEP = 7.9 min. The pre-diction models for the cooking time of unsoaked beans (ranging between 80–147 min) were less robust and accurate (Rpred = 0.708, SEP = 10.6 min). This study demonstrated that hyperspectral imaging technology has potential for providing a nondestructive, simple, fast, and economical means for estimating the water uptake and cooking time of dry bean. Moreover, a totally independent set of 110 similar dry bean samples confirmed the suitability of the technique for predicting cooking time of soaked beans after updat-ing the partial least squares model with 20 of the new samples, giving Rpred = 0.872 and SEP = 3.7 min. However, due to the genotypic and phenotypic variability of water absorption and cooking time in dry bean, periodical updates of these prediction models with more samples and new bean accessions, as well as testing other multivariate predic-tion methods, are needed for further improving model robustness and generalization.
Smallholder farmers' attitude toward quality seed of improved common bean varieties in Tanzania
(International Journal of Research, 2019) Kidudu, Joshua S; Mwaseba, Dismas L; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan
The importance of quality seed of improved varieties is well recognized and widely documented. However, smallholder farmers’ demand for quality seed of improved varieties has remained low for years. Previous studies have broadly identified technological, economic, institutional and human specific factors as major determinants of adoption. However, these studies tended to pay little attention on the influence of smallholder farmers’ attitude on decision to use quality seed of improved common bean varieties. Therefore, using cross-sectional research design, a survey was conducted in major regions producing common beans to determine smallholder farmers’ attitude towards quality seed of improved common bean varieties. Generally, smallholder farmers considered quality seed of improved common bean varieties to be beneficial (2.0616). However, they had moderate positive attitude towards qualities (1.4705) and accessibility (1.4598) of quality seed of improved common bean varieties. Nevertheless, they had very weak positive attitude toward availability (0.3068), promotion (0.3432) and marketability (0.3326) of their produce. Furthermore, findings indicated that benefits, qualities and marketability significantly influenced their attitude. These findings suggest that efforts to promote quality seed use have to concentrate on ensuring quality of claimed to be quality seeds and market outlets for produce from quality seed of improved common bean varieties.
Sustainable Agriculture Intensification, Extension and Advisory Services and Institutional Approaches in Africa
(INNOVAFRICA, 2018-07) Ahmad, Athman K.; Bosena, Tegegne; Sanga, Camilus A.; Mwaseba, Dennis L.; Njarui, Donald; Hundessa, Feyisa; Gatheru, M.; Gichangi, A. W.; Gichangi, E. M.; Selemani, Ismail S.; Mignouna, Jacob; Tuyisenge, Jacqueline; Jessica, N.; Hella, Joseph P.; Kibebew, Kibret; Dusengemungu, Leonidas; Katundu, Mangani; Mahreteab, Tesfai; Mengistu, Ketema; Modiselle, M. E.; Mafunanji, Magalasi; Muhammad, L. W.; Mupenzi, Mutimura; Murage, A. W.; Myeni, L.; Nigussie, Dachassa; Amuri, Nyambilila; Westengen, Ola; Guthiga, Paul; Sita, Ghimire; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan; Lemma, Tesfaye; Thavhana, M. P.; Tsubo, M.; Ndolo, Victoria
The first part of this report gives an overview of the state of agriculture and food and nutrition security (FNS) challenges for Africa in general and in particular for sub saharan Africa (SSA). Further, the report briefly assessed the general performance of the four dimensions of FNS in SSA. It also outlines the policy responses and programmes by the African governments towards achieving FNS. This was followed by describing the concept of various forms of sustainable intensification systems including the sustainable agriculture intensification systems (SAIs), agriculture extension and advisory services (EASs) and innovative institutional approaches (IIAs). In general, Part I of this report reviews the various agriculture technologies, extension and institutions approaches implemented and promoted in the past and present in Africa and other relevant regions of the world. A detailed descriptions is provided in the second part of this report by six case study countries of the InnovAfrica project.
Viruses infecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Tanzania: a review on molecular characterization, detection and disease management options
(African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2017) Mwaipopo, Beatrice; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan; Njau, Paul; Tairo, Fred; William, Magdalena; Binagwa, Papias; Kweka, Elisiana; Mbanzibwa, Deusdedith
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a major legume crop, serving as a main source of dietary protein and calories and generating income for many Tanzanians. It is produced in nearly all agro ecological zones of Tanzania. However, the average yields are low (<1000 kg/ha), which is attributed to many factors including virus diseases. The most important viruses of common bean in Tanzania are Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) but other viruses have also been reported. There has never been a review of common bean virus diseases in the country, and the lack of collated information makes their management difficult. Therefore, this review focuses on (1) occurrence of different viruses of common bean in Tanzania, (2) molecular characterization of these viruses, (3) detection tools for common bean viruses in Tanzania and (4) available options for managing virus diseases in the country. Literature and nucleotide sequence database searches revealed that common bean diseases are inadequately studied and that their causal viruses have not been adequately characterized at the molecular level in Tanzania. Increased awareness on common bean virus diseases in Tanzania is expected to result into informed development of strategies for management of the same and thus increased production, which in turn has implication on nutrition and income