Browsing by Author "Ngalameno, Mungo Kisinza"

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    Dental conditions in the silvery mole rat (heliophobius argenteocenerius emini): a case report
    (Journal of Ideas in Health, 2026-02-28) Ngalameno, Mungo Kisinza
    As in other organisms, the normal performance of rodents depends on health status of all the body systems including the oral cavity and associated structures. Any deviation from normal function of the oral cavity or teeth results in a complex clinical sign that may be related to other systems secondarily. The current case report describes four dental conditions encountered in the Silvery mole rat (Heliophobius argenteocenerius emini) kept at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania Three out of twenty-two animals developed dental conditions associated with mandibular and maxillary incisors. Based on clinical presentations, the conditions were closely assessed under general anaesthesia using xylazine-ketamine protocol at 5 and 50 mg/kg respectively. Detailed examination revealed that all the three animals had more than one dental condition including incisor overgrowth, lateral deviation, malocclusion of different levels ranging from mild to severe and fractured incisor tooth presented as pseudo-oligodontia. Severe incisor overgrowth and malocclusion were managed by coronal reduction of the clinical crown. The current report highlights few dental conditions encountered in the Silvery mole rats. Malocclusion of the incisors was common to all the three animals signifying that this probably is the most common dental condition in this species as reported in other rodents. Detailed studies are recommended to explore more on the prevalence of dental and periodontal diseases of this rodent group.
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    The magnitude and risk factors associated with hepatitis b viral infections among individuals screened at mnazi-mmoja hospital, Zanzibar
    (Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2026-05-15) Suleiman, Suleiman Masoud; Ussi, Ussi Hamza; Hassan, Hafidh Sheha; Ngalameno, Mungo Kisinza; Said, Said Salim
    Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the world. HBV is a small, double- stranded circular DNA virus that may cause chronic severe liver diseases. The mode of transmission of HBV includes exposure to body fluids of an infected person by perinatal transmission, sexual intercourse, and needle sticks. The diagnosis of HBV infection is based on clinical, biochemical, histological, and serological studies. A vaccine is also available for the prevention of HBV. Methodology: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV infection and associated risk factors among individuals screened at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in Zanzibar between 2021 and 2023.A Retrospective analysis of secondary data from hospital records. Demographic data such as age, sex, residence, and occupation,along with behavioural, healthcare-related, and awareness-related factors, were analyzed using IBM SPSS 27. Result: A total of 24,431 individuals were screened for HBV at Mnazi-Mmoja Hospital with an overall prevalence of 7.6% for the three consecutive years. The highest prevalence was found in 2022, which was 8.3%, followed by 7.6% and 6.9% in 2021 and 2023, respectively. This study reveals a moderate prevalence rate of HBV infection within the population, and it further reveals that lack of awareness, socioeconomic, behavioral and health-related factors are the highest drivers for HBV infection transmission in the study population. This study sheds light and alarm to the government and other authorities so that appropriate intervention can be taken based on the current situation.