Browsing by Author "Nombo, C."

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Chain governance in urban dairying in Tanzania: a cross- learning study on value chain development
(International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS), 2011) Akyoo, A. M.; Makoye, G. R.; Fredy Timothy Mlyavidoga Kilima, F. T. M.; Coles, C. F.; Nombo, C.; Mvena, Z. S. K.; Ngetti, M.
Tanga city is the most unlikely location to have the most evolved urban milk value chain in Tanzania, being the most North-easterly coastal metropolis in the country, especially when contrasted with an urban milk value chain in cooler environments like Iringa Municipality in the Southern highlands. This is a paradox that has attracted many interests to unravel including this study. Presence of persevering and unrelenting champions has been the cornerstone for achieving this high level of organization on the value chain. The spontaneous upgrading has seen development of a cooperative model that integrates milk production, processing and marketing into a one whole competitive and efficient value chain. These are the qualities that elude the milk value chain in Iringa Municipality. The market concentration figures on Tanga may not be interpreted at face value given the cooperative procurement model which is coordinated under a quasi-vertical integration governance arrangement. Sustainability prospects of both value chains are however challenged by town/city and urban agriculture development policies/regulations that are moving in different directions. Multi-stakeholder initiatives are necessary to address outstanding challenges threatening the industry in Tanga for the sake of city revenue, livelihoods of communities and country development at large.
Challenges of value chain development: experiences from milk production and marketing in Iringa municipality and Tanga city
(2015-06) Kilima, F. T. M; Mvena, Z. S. K.; Ngetti, M.; Coles, C. F.; Akyoo, A. M.; Nombo, C.
The project focused on milk value chains in Iringa Municipality and Tanga City with a view to draw specific impacts of urban dairy farming on income and poverty levels. These towns represent two distinct milk collection and marketing arrangements. Milk marketing in Iringa Municipality is generally through informal' outlets. In contrast, milk from farmers in Tanga is pooled for sale to processors including (M/s Tanga Fresh Ltd) and Ammy Dairies. The two cases describe similar market arrangements also found elsewhere in Tanzania.
Field assessment of rapid market estimation techniques: a case study of dairy value chains in Tanzania
(African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2015) Coles, C. F.; Kilima, F. T.; Mvena, Z. S.; Ngetti, M.; Akyoo, A.; Nombo, C.
Three rapid market estimation techniques were used to quantify the informal milk market in two Tanzanian municipalities, namely Iringa and Tanga, with reference to producer-based estimates, retailer-based estimates and a stratified consumer survey. The nature of the milk market systems in the two study areas was reflected in the magnitude and dynamics of milk consumption; the informal market was particularly important for a ‘subject to deprivation’ group in both cases. Producer-based estimates did not account for milk from outside the study area, whereas retail surveys omitted details of the producers’ own consumption and their direct sales. Consumer surveys captured the widest variety of informal milk sources but, like retail studies, omitted producers’ consumption. Therefore the most accurate rapid estimation of markets for consumable products may be obtained by triangulating producer data with consumer surveys (informal market) and adding reliable (and usually relatively easily obtained) data from processors and retailers to capture trade through formal channels.
Milk value chain, gender equity and poverty alleviation in Tanzania
(2014-06) Mvurungu, E.; Nombo, C.; Mvena, Z. S. K.
Literature reveals that there is no consensus about how value chain interventions contribute to gender equity and poverty alleviation among different gender groups. This stuck was conducted to assess the prospect for enhancing gender equity and alleviating poverty under formal and informal market arrangements within the milk value chain in Tanzania. The study also examined changes in gender roles and relations in the chain. A cross-sectional research was designed and conducted in Tanga City and Iringa Municipality. Proportionate and systematic sampling techniques were used to identify respondents to participate in the study. Descriptive statistics were computed using SPSS and ethnographic content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The study Jo. und that men and women are important actors in the milk value chain but the extent of their participation cliffe r significantly. The participation of men and women in the milk value chain has increased both their earnings and workload. There are gender specific constraints that hinder the performance of Alen and women in the milk value chain such as limitation on mobility, access to and control of resources, WO decision making over income accrued "tom dairying. Some traditional social norms and practices also hinder women's participation in some activities within the value chain like engaging in more rewarding milk markets. The study recommends that market development programmes should understand location specific gender contexts to avoid generic intervention that may exacerbate the existing gender inequity.
Muhanga, M and C.I Nombo (2010) Local Government policy responses to informal sector in Morogoro, Tanzania: seeing problems in an opportunity or seeing an opportunity in problems?
(Institute of African Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul Korea, 2010) Muhanga, M.; Nombo, C.
This paper is a study conducted in selected wards in Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania which aims at assessing the Local Government Authorities' policy responses and supporting the informal sector. Both checklist and questionnaires were used to collect information. Data analysis entailed a number of descriptive statistics and cross tabs. The study revealed a low level of policy knowledge among those involved in the sector (only 1.3%) and 53.8% seemed to prefer to operate on informal basis and only 46.2% would go for formalization of their activities with an opportunity, with 48.1% of the respondent has the information that the Informal Sector is not receiving support at all from the government. The study recommends that: There is a need for LGAs to boost efforts on the informal sector, addressing needs for the Local Government Authority's intervention to the Informal Sector for regulating purposes. Overall the study asserts that the informal sector has a significant contribution to the urban dwellers in Tanzania.
Social ecology: a neew perspective to HIV/AIDS susceptibility and vulnerability analysis in Mkamba village, Morogoro Tanzania
(Institute of African Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul Korea, 2009) Nombo, C.; Muhanga, M.