Browsing by Author "Nzalawahe, J."

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Comparative effectiveness of Aloe vera aqueous crude extracts and ivermectin for treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes infection in goats
(Tanzanina Veterinary Association, 2017) Ibrahim, H.; Nzalawahe, J.
The current study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of Aloe vera aqueous crude extracts in comparison to Ivermectin in treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes infections in goats at Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro. Goats were examined for GIT nematode infections using modified Mc master technique and those with EPG ≥ 150 were recruited for this trial. Furthermore, the recruited animals were randomly allocated into three groups (@10 animals) that included one control group and two experimental groups. The control group was left untreated while the remaining experimental groups were treated with Aloe Vera aqueous crude extracts and Ivermectin respectively. Faecal samples were collected at day of treatment (day 0) and days 14 and 21 post treatment. The effectiveness of the Aloe Vera and Ivermectin was assessed using Feacal Egg Count Reduction Test (FERT). The anthelmintic was considered to be effective when the calculated FECRT% was ≥ 95% and 95% Lower Confidence Limit (LCL) was ≥ 90%. The day 14 post treatment results of FERT% and LCL for Aloe vera were 97% and 74% while for Ivermectin were 96% and 69% respectively. However, the FERT% and LCL results at day 21 post treatment were 100% for both products. The findings of this study indicate that Aloe vera aqueous crude extracts were effective as Ivermectin in treatment of GIT nematodes infections in goats.
Paralleling of diagnostic endeavor for control of mycobacterial infections and tuberculosis
(2018) Lupindu, A. M.; Mbugi, E. V.; Nzalawahe, J.; Hoza, A. S.
Mycobacterial infections and tuberculosis pose global public health threats. High tuberculosis morbidities and mortalities are due to the diagnosis problems among other causes. This chapter describes and compares diverse mycobacterial infections and tuberculosis diagnostic efforts and point-out the direction so as to inform areas of and motivate research toward early, rapid, and accurate diagnosis for effective TB control. We have grouped diagnostic approaches according to the type of sample taken for or organ targeted during diagnosis. The sputum-based methods include smear microscopy, culture, and rat sniffing. Interferon-γ (INF-γ) release assays, transcriptional blood signatures, and proteomic profiling use blood samples while colorimetric sensor array (CSA) and mass spectrometry use urine samples. Patho-physiological methods include tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) and radiography. Chromatography and acoustic wave detection can also be used to diagnose TB from breath. Comparative description of these methods is based on a time frame to diagnosis, accuracy, cost, and convenience. The trend shows that there is a move from time-consuming, slow and narrow-spectrum to quick and broad-spectrum TB diagnostic procedures. The sputum-based and patho-physiological approaches remain conformist while blood-based procedures lead research developments. Absence of single best approach calls for synergistic research combinations that form accurate, rapid, cheap, and convenient package at point-of-care centers.
Paralleling of diagnostic endeavor for control of mycobacterial infections and tuberculosis
(IntechOpen, 2018-12-05) Lupindu, A. M.; Mbugi, E. V.; Nzalawahe, J.; Hoza, A. S.
Mycobacterial infections and tuberculosis pose global public health threats. High tuberculosis morbidities and mortalities are due to the diagnosis problems among other causes. This chapter describes and compares diverse mycobacterial infections and tuberculosis diagnostic efforts and point-out the direction so as to inform areas of and motivate research toward early, rapid, and accurate diagnosis for effective TB control. We have grouped diagnostic approaches according to the type of sample taken for or organ targeted during diagnosis. The sputum-based methods include smear microscopy, culture, and rat sniffing. Interferon-γ (INF-γ) release assays, transcriptional blood signatures, and proteomic profiling use blood samples while colorimetric sensor array (CSA) and mass spectrometry use urine samples. Patho-physiological methods include tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) and radiography. Chromatography and acoustic wave detection can also be used to diagnose TB from breath. Comparative description of these methods is based on a time frame to diagnosis, accuracy, cost, and convenience. The trend shows that there is a move from time-consuming, slow and narrow-spectrum to quick and broad-spectrum TB diagnostic procedures. The sputum-based and patho-physiological approaches remain conformist while blood-based procedures lead research developments. Absence of single best approach calls for synergistic research combinations that form accurate, rapid, cheap, and convenient package at point-of-care centers.