Browsing by Author "Ruhembe, C. C."

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Effect of nutrition education intervention and lifestyle behaviors on management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mwanza city, Tanzania
(2015-06) Ruhembe, C. C.; Mosha, T. C. E.; Nyaruhucha, C. N. M.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease associated with impaired glucose metabolism. This study aimed at assessing the effect of nutrition education intervention on the lifestyle behaviors and management of T2DM among adult diabetic patients who attended a clinic at Bugando hospital, Mwanza city for a period of one year during 2013. A cross-sectional study design was used to identify the population at risk of T2DM, from which random blood testing for glucose testing was conducted. Thereafter, a fasting blood glucose test was performed for the study sample with elevated blood sugar (>200 mg/dl) to confirm the cases (individuals suffering from T2DM).The cases were subjected to nutrition and lifestyle education intervention programme for one year. Findings showed that baseline mean fasting blood glucose was 285.15:=86.08ing/d1. Mean age was 55.8525 ± 9.36 years while the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 28.18 kg/m2, falling within the overweight category(24.9-29.9kg/m2); and there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in fasting blood glucose between males and females. After the intervention, results revealed that fluting blood glucose levels were observed to decrease gradually from the baseline period up to 12 months. The difference in blood glucose levels between clinical visits (three months) was found to be significant (p<0.05). There was about 34% average decrease in blood glucose levels from the baseline survey to the post-intervention measure. Fasting blood glucose during baseline was significantly higher (p<0.05) than at the 3months after intervention. There was 7.3% mean decrease in average body weight from the baseline to the post intervention measurement. Mean BMI also decreased gradually with time. This study revealed that nutrition and modification of lifestyle behavior such as participation in exercises and reducing the amount of starch had delayed the effects' of T2DMby one year. It is therefore, possible to delay or prevent the development of complications of diabetes by adherence to clinical recommendation on nutrition and lifestyle modification.
Proximate composition, bread characteristics and sensory evaluation of Cocoyam-Wheat composite breads
(Ajfand, 2011) Mongi, R. J.; Ndabikunze, B. K.; Chove, B. E.; Mamiro, P.; Ruhembe, C. C.; Ntwenya, J. G.
This study was carried out to investigate proximate composition, bread characteristics and sensory evaluation of cocoyam-wheat composite breads at different levels of cocoyam flour substitution for human consumption.A whole wheat bread (WWB) and cocoyam-composite breads (CCB1,CCB 2 and CCB 3) were prepared in triplicate at 0, 10, 20 and 30% levels of cocoyam flours substitution respectively and assessed for proximatecomposition, bread characteristics and sensory attributes.The results indicate that carbohydrate, crude fiber, and ash contents of the cocoyam-composite breads increased significantly (p<0.05) while the moisture and protein contents decreased significantly with progressive increase in the cocoyam flour substitution. The significant (p<0.05) highest ash, fibre and carbohydrate values of 1.61, 1.54 and 70.40 g/100g dm respectively were observed in 30% cocoyam-wheat composite bread compared to lowest values of1.15, 0.29 and 63.25 g/100g dm, respectively in 100% wheat bread. The significant (p<0.05) higher moisture and protein values of 20.99 and 12.54 g/100g dm were observed in 100% wheat bread compared to lowest values of 17.31 and 9.04 g/100g dm, respectively in 30% cocoyam-wheat composite bread. Bread characteristics showed that, the loaf weight of cocoyam composite breads increased significantly (p<0.05) while loaf volume and specific loaf volume decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing cocoyam flour substitution The significant (p<0.05) highest loaf weight of 229.33 g was observed in 30% cocoyam-wheat composite bread compared to 208.33, 221.67 and 225 g observed in 100% wheat bread, 10 and 20% cocoyam-wheat composite breads respectively. The highest loaf volume and specific loaf volume of 800 and 3.49 cc were observed in 100% wheat bread compared lowest values of 580 and 2.78 cc respectively observed in 30% cocoyam-wheat composite bread. The sensory evaluation showed no significant (p>0.05) differences in sensory attributes of taste, aroma and acceptability between the 100% wheat and 10% cocoyam-wheat composite breads (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study has shown that the use of cocoyam flour in bread making is feasible and that incorporation of up to 10% of the flour into wheat flour produced acceptable bread with similar taste and aroma comparable to 100% wheat bread. Nevertheless, it is important to consume this bread with other protein rich diet in order to supplement the reduction resulted from substitution.
Risk Factors Associated with Elevated Blood Glucose Among Adults in Mwanza City, Tanzania
(2015) Ruhembe, C. C.; Mosha, T. C. E.; Nyaruhucha, C. N. M.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is increasing at alarming rates posing significant health problem in Tanzania. Urbanization with economic advancement has led to lifestyle behaviors such as high intake of dense caloric foods, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and limited intake of fruits and vegetables. All these have been associated with higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and T2DM. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the risk factors and lifestyles characteristics associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in Mwanza city, Tanzania. A multistage random sampling technique was used to obtain 640 male and females respondents aged 30 and above years. Data were collected through face to face interview by using a structured questionnaire which was constructed to solicit information about risk factors and lifestyle characteristics of the respondents. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, waist and hip circumferences and total fat and fat free mass were also taken. Random blood glucose and blood pressure levels were measured. Prevalence of overweight in the studied population was 10.5% in males and 18.1% in females. Most females (60.8%; n=79) had waist hip ratio of ≥ 0.85. BMI and body fat were significantly (p˂0.05) related to elevated blood glucose. It was further noted that, relationship between diabetic respondents with their first degree relatives with diabetes was significant (p˂0.05). The relative risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus by having first class relative with the disease was RR 2.11, (95% CI: 1.4-3.1). There was a strong (p˂0.05) association between smoking and elevated blood glucose. It can be concluded that it is of utmost importance to intervene, and modify lifestyle behaviours of adults so as to reduce the risks of developing T2DM.
Risk factors associated with elevated blood glucose among adults in Mwanza City, Tanzania
(2015) Ruhembe, C. C.; Mosha, T. C. E.; Nyaruhucha, C. N. M.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is increasing at alarming rates posing significant health problem in Tanzania. Urbanization with economic advancement has led to lifestyle behaviors such as high intake of dense caloric foods, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and limited intake of fruits and vegetables. All these have been associated with higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and T2DM. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the risk factors and lifestyles characteristics associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in Mwanza city, Tanzania. A multistage random sampling technique was used to obtain 640 male and females respondents aged 30 and above years. Data were collected through face to face interview by using a structured questionnaire which was constructed to solicit information about risk factors and lifestyle characteristics of the respondents. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, waist and hip circumferences and total fat and fat free mass were also taken. Random blood glucose and blood pressure levels were measured. Prevalence of overweight in the studied population was 10.5% in males and 18.1% in females. Most females (60.8%; n=79) had waist hip ratio of ≥ 0.85. BMI and body fat were significantly (p˂0.05) related to elevated blood glucose. It was further noted that, relationship between diabetic respondents with their first degree relatives with diabetes was significant (p˂0.05). The relative risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus by having first class relative with the disease was RR 2.11, (95% CI: 1.4-3.1). There was a strong (p˂0.05) association between smoking and elevated blood glucose. It can be concluded that it is of utmost importance to intervene, and modify lifestyle behaviours of adults so as to reduce the risks of developing T2DM.