Browsing by Author "Senkoro, Mbazi"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Association between dietary diversity with overweight and obesity: A cross-sectional study conducted among pastoralists in Monduli District in Tanzania
(Plos One, 2021) Khamis, Ahmed Gharib; Ntwenya, Julius Edward; Senkoro, Mbazi; Mfinanga, Sayoki Godfrey; Kreppel, Katharina; Mwanri, Akwilina Wendelin; Bonfoh, Bassirou; Kwesigabo, Gideon
Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising at a rapid pace and is associated with negative health consequences like cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Obesity is a multifactorial problem that develops mainly from lifestyle factors including physi- cal inactivity and poor dietary intake. Dietary diversity is a simplified method for assessing the adequacy and quality of diet and is associated with nutritional need and overall health status. Therefore, we conducted this study to synthesize the associations between con- sumption of a diversified diet and overweight/ obesity among adults living in pastoral com- munities in Monduli district in Tanzania. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 510 adults aged � 18 years old in the Monduli district, Arusha region in Tanzania. We conducted face-to-face interviews to collect information about socio-demographic characteristics, 24-hours dietary recall, and anthropo- metric measurements. The dietary diversity score (DDS) was constructed and used to determine the diversity of the diet consumed. We performed the multivariate Poisson regressions to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The dependent variables were overweight and general obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity measured by waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC). Results The prevalence of general obesity based on BMI was 20.2% (95%CI; 16.9–23.9), abdominal obesity based on WHR was 37.8% (95%CI; 33.7–42.1), and WC was 29.1% (95%CI; 25.2– 33.1). More than half (54.3%) of the participants consumed an adequate dietary diversity (DDS �4). After adjustment for potential confounders, the prevalence of abdominal obesity by WHR decreased with higher DDS among male (APR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22–0.77) and female participants (APR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41–0.94). There were inconsistent positive associations between DDS and prevalence of overweight and general obesity among male and female. There was no association between DDS and abdominal obesity by WC. Conclusion More than half of the pastoralists have consumed an adequate diversified diet. Given the inconsistent findings on associations between dietary diversity and obesity measures, this study suggests that targeting dietary diversity as an overweight/obesity prevention strategy requires careful consideration.
Design and validation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the dietary intake for adults in pastoral settings in Northern Tanzania
(BMC Research Notes, 2021) Khamis, Ahmed Gharib; Mwanri, Akwilina Wendelin; Ntwenya, Julius Edward; Senkoro, Mbazi; Kreppel, Katharina; Bonfoh, Bassirou; Mfinanga, Sayoki Godfrey; Kwesigabo, Gideon
Objective: Food frequency questionnaires are widely used as a dietary assessment tool in nutritional epidemiol- ogy to determine the relationship between diet and diseases. In Tanzania, there are several cultural variations in food intake which makes it necessary to design and validate a culture-specific food frequency questionnaire (CFFQ). There- fore, we designed a 27-items CFFQ and examine its validity in pastoral communities. Validity of CFFQ was assessed by comparing nutrient intake estimated from the CFFQ against the average from two 24-h diet recall (2R24). Spearman’s correlation coefficients, cross classification and Bland–Altman’s methods were used to assess the validity of CFFQ. Results: A total of 130 adults aged 18 years and above completed both CFFQ and 2R24. Correlation coefficients between CFFQ and 2R24 ranged from low (r = − 0.07) to moderate (r = 0.37). The correlation coefficients were mod- erately significant for kilocalories (r = 0.31, p < 0.001), carbohydrate (r = 0.33, p < 0.001), magnesium (r = 0.37, p < 0.001), and iron (r = 0.34, p < 0.001). On average, about 69% of participants were correctly classified into the same or adjacent quartile of energy and nutrient intake, while 9% were misclassified by the CFFQ. Bland–Altman’s plot demonstrated that the CFFQ had acceptable agreement with the 2R24.
Dietary patterns, nutrient intakes and metabolic conditions among agro-pastoralists in Monduli District, Tanzania
(Dovepress, 2022) Khamis, Ahmed Gharib; Mwanri, Akwilina Wendelin; Senkoro, Mbazi; Kreppel, Katharina; Bonfoh, Bassirou; Mfinanga, Sayoki Godfrey; Kwesigabo, Gideon
Background: Unhealthy dietary patterns have contributed to the increase in metabolic syndromes in Tanzania. This study aimed to examine dietary patterns, nutrient intakes and investigate the association with obesity and high blood pressure among adults in agro- pastoral communities in Monduli district, Tanzania. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 283 adults aged from 18 years old. Blood pressure and anthropometry were measured from each participant. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to identify types of dietary patterns. Logistic regression model was used to examine the associations. Results: Three types of dietary patterns were identified labeled as maize, beans and dairy; meat based; and fruits and vegetables. Higher intake of carbohydrates was found in maize dietary pattern. Meat dietary pattern was associated with higher intake of calcium and protein. Higher intakes of fiber and vitamin B2 was found in the fruits and vegetables dietary pattern. Participants on the third quartile of the maize pattern had higher odds of abdominal obesity (AOR=2.81; 95% CI: 1.09–7.26). Participants in the third and fourth quartiles of meat based pattern had increased odds of abdominal obesity by five (AOR=5.03; 95% CI: 2.31–10) and three folds (AOR=3.07; 95% CI: 1.36–6.92). Participants in the third quartile of fruits and vegetables dietary pattern have lower odds of general obesity (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.9) and abdominal obesity (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.71). No association between dietary patterns and high blood pressure was observed. Conclusion: Three dietary patterns were identified in agro-pastoral communities. This study suggests that higher adherence to maize, beans and dairy dietary pattern and meat based dietary pattern may increase the risk of general and abdominal obesity. The fruits and vegetables dietary pattern may prevent from obesity. Further investigation is recommended to guide the preventive nutrition interventions.
Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among pastoralists in Monduli District, Arusha region in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
(BMC/ Archives of Public Health, 2020) Khamis, Ahmed Gharib; Senkoro, Mbazi; Mwanri, Akwilina Wendelin; Kreppel, Katharina; Mfinanga, Sayoki Godfrey; Bonfoh, Bassirou; Kwesigabo, Gideon
Background: Hypertension is among the growing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in developing countries and the leading cause of death worldwide. Pastoral areas have been identified to be at a higher risk of diseases due to challenges in their daily food production, livelihoods or mobility. Unfortunately, the prevalence of hypertension and the risk factors particularly affecting rural and pastoral populations are not fully understood, making intervention efforts challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify the risk factors among adults living in Monduli district in Tanzania. The findings will be useful for the provision of tailored interventions focused on community-specific nutritional and behavioral practices. Methods: We conducted a community based cross-sectional study involving a sample of 510 adults aged above 18 years selected using a multistage cluster sampling in the Monduli district of Arusha region, Tanzania. Data were collected by using interviewer-administered questionnaires containing socio-demographic, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption. Anthropometry, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were measured. A one-day 24 h diet recall was conducted to evaluate the dietary habits of all participants. Both linear and logistic regression analysis were used to identify the independent predictors for hypertension and blood pressure levels. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in this study was 25.7% (n = 131, 95% CI; 22.1–29.7). The odds of hypertension increased with being male (AOR = 1.75, 95%CI, 1.06–2.88), belonging to the older age group of 30–39 year olds (AOR = 3.3, 95%CI, 1.76–6.38), 40–59 year olds (AOR = 3.34, 95%CI, 1.75–6.37) and ≥ 60 year olds (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI, 2.02–8.87), being overweight or obese (AOR = 3.37, 95%CI, 1.18–9.62), have more hours spent sedentary (AOR = 3.19, 95%CI, 1.61– 6.32), and consumption of fatty foods (AOR = 2.23, 95%CI, 1.27–3.93). The odds for hypertension was significantly reduced among participants who reported higher income (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.25–0.91), high level of physical activity (AOR = 0.55, 95%CI, 0.31–0.96) and those reported to consume fruit (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI, 0.18–0.77). Consumption of cereals was negatively associated with levels of SBP (β = − 17.4, 95% CI, − 23.8; − 11.0) and DBP (β = − 6.6, 95% CI, − 11.5,-1.79). Conclusion: About one in every four adults living in pastoral communities have been found to have hypertension in this study. Our findings suggest that older age, obesity or overweight, low physical activity, low income, and consumption of fatty foods increase the risk of hypertension among study population. Their diet was dominated by cereals with moderate intake of meat and milk and low fruits. There is a need to promote physical activities and consumption of fruits in the study population in order to fight against hypertension. Further research should be done to confirm the associations.