Browsing by Author "Shayo, M."

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2

Evidence of anti-chikungunya virus igg and igm antibodies among patients seeking treatment in different health facilities in Kyela District, Tanzania
(2018) Patrick, B. N.; Angwenyi, S.; Kinimi, E.; Shayo, M.; Hugo, M.; Kasanga, C. J.
Chikungunya is an arboviral disease transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, caused by Chikungungunya virus. It consists of an acute illness characterized by fever, rash, and incapacitating arthralgia. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Chikungunya fever in patients presenting fever at different health facilities located in Kyela district. Out of 132 recruited patients, 94(71.2 %) were female and 38 (28.8 %) were male. The majority of them 80 (60.6%) were adults (≥25 years). Anti-Chikungunya virus anti-immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were detected in serum samples using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chikungunya virus IgG or IgM antibodies were detected in 19 among 132 serum specimens tested indicating a seroprevalence of 14.3%. Out of 132 sera tested, 14 (11%) had IgG antibodies and 5(3.8%) had IgM antibodies. The higher anti-CHIKV IgG seroprevalence was found in female patients (OR= 3.22; 95% CI: 1.03-10.06) than in male. Similarly patients who took some medication before going to the health centre were found with high CHIKV IgG antibodies (OR= 13.912; 95% CI: 1.76-109.78) as well as in patients who never been vaccinated (OR=4.6; 95%CI: 0.02 – 1.71). Additionally, the uni-variate analysis results revealed, feeling nausea as the symptom of significant association with Chikungunya IgG seropositivity (OR = 4.5; 95% CI: 1.3– 14.4). These findings confirm that CHIKV infection seems to be among the common causes of febrile illness in Kyela district and appears to be actively circulating in the population but is routinely misdiagnosed. This suggests a need to raise awareness among health facilities and policy makers on the use of specific diagnosis for better control of arbovirus diseases in the study region.
Molecular detection of arboviruses in Aedes mosquitoes collected from Kyela district, Tanzania
(2016-01) Bisimwa, N. P.; Angwenye, S.; Kinimi, E; Shayo, M.; Bwihangane, B. A.; Kasanga, C. J.
Arboviruses belong to a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, mainly mosquitoes and ticks causing clinical disease symptoms in humans and animals ranging from febrile illnesses to hemorrhagic fevers. The present study aimed at examining the circulation of Chikungunya, Dengue, Yellow fever and Rift valley fever viral genomes in Aedes mosquitoes from Kyela district in Tanzania. A systematic vector surveillance spanning two months and covering 5 sites in Kyela district was carried out in order to evaluate the potential role of Aedes spp in arbovirus transmission in the study area. Mosquitoes were collected, identified to species level by using morphological keys, pooled in respect species and collection sites and screened for arboviruses by RT-PCR. Adult mosquitoes were collected from April to May, 2015 using CO 2 -baited CDC light traps, magnet traps as well as human landing collection (HLC). The study sites included Kyela town, Kajunjumele, Ipida, Matema and Njisi villages. A total of 480 bloodfeed Aedes ssp were collected, identified and grouped in to 24 pools (1-20 mosquitoes per pool) according to species level and location. Out of the 480 Aedes spp collected, Aedes aegypti represented the most abundant species totaling 338 (70.4%), followed by Aedes africanus 102 (21.2%) and Aedes natalensis being the minority 40 (8.3%). Arboviruses were detected in 9 pools (37.5%) including Alphaviruses (8 pools) and Flaviviruses (1 pool). No sample was positive for Bunyaviruses. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was detected in 6 (75%) alphavirus positive pools that were collected mostly in the areas where rice cultivation was common. The findings of this study suggest that people from this region are highly likely to be exposed to arbovirus infections which may represent significant public health concerns.