Browsing by Author "Weyn, Maarten"

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    ProxLogs: Miniaturised proximity loggers for monitoring association behaviour in small mammals
    (Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy, 2021) Kirkpatrick, Lucinda; Olivares, Ivan Hererra; Massawe, Apia; Sabuni, Christopher; Leirs, Herwig; Berkvens, Rafael; Weyn, Maarten
    The ability to monitor associations between wild animals is essential for understanding the processes governing gene transfer, information transfer, competition, predation and disease transmission. Until recently, such insights have been confined to large, visible or captive animals. However, the rapid development of miniature sensors for consumer electronics is allowing ecologists to monitor the natural world in ways previously considered impossible. Here we describe miniature (<1g) proximity loggers we have developed that use Bluetooth Low Energy transmission to register contacts between individuals. Our loggers are open source, low cost, rechargeable, able to store up to 2000 contacts, can be programmed in situ and can download data remotely or through a mobile phone application, increasing their utility in remote areas or with species which are challenging to recapture. We successfully trialled our loggers in a range of field realistic conditions, demonstrating that Bluetooth Low Energy is capable of logging associations in structurally complex habitats, and that changes in received signal strength can be equated to short range changes in distance between loggers. Furthermore, we tested the system on starlings (Sturnidae vulgaris).