Browsing by Author "Zahabu, E"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Climate change impacts and adaptation among coastal and mangrove dependent communities: a case of Bagamoyo district
(2012) Mbwambo, J.S; Madalla, D; Zahabu, E; Ndelolia, D; Mnembuka, B; Lamtane, H. A; Mwandya, A. W
The study was done to determine perception, impacts and adaptation of coastal communities towards climate change. A total of three villages and 120 respondents were involved in the study. Both Focus Group Interviews and a structured questionnaire survey were employed for collection of both qualitative and quantitative data. Content and structural functional analysis was used for qualitative data while descriptive and logistic and regression analysis was employed for quantitative data. Results indicates that majority of the community are involved in both fishing and farming activities for both food and cash income. Results indicates further that majority of the respondents are aware of climate change and they perceive the same in relation to unusual rainfall (87.5%), drought (93.3%), floods (74.1%) and increased incidence of pest and diseases (55.8%). It was also found that farmers are coping with food insecurity as a result of declining food stocks and they have also developed adaptation strategies related to farming operations and livelihoods. However, adaptation varies depending on various farm and household factors and in this income, number of plots, extension services and farm size were highly significant and showed strong positive influence on adaptation to climate change. It is concluded that farmers are aware of climate change and have developed both coping and adaptation strategies against climate hazards. Promotion of extension and enhancement of off-farm activities are recommended for enhancing adaptive capacity of the population in the study area.
Impact of charcoal extraction to the forest resources of Tanzania: the case of Kitulangalo area, Tanzania
(1998) Malimbwi, R.E; Misana, S; Monela, G.C; Jambiya, G; Zahabu, E
Research is being undertaken to expand the knowledge about the biomass potential for supplying charcoal to urban centres and find workable policy tools that will enable sustainable production and use of charcoal in the medium term perspective. The project, CHAPOSA (Charcoal Potential in Southern Africa) focuses on the dynamics of charcoal production in supply areas (mainly woodlands) and its consumption in three major cities: Lusaka, Zambia, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Maputo, Mozambique. The three year research project is funded by European Union (EU) and co-ordinated by Stockhom Environmental Institute (SEI). In each of the three partner countries, socio-economic and ecological aspects of charcoal are being studied in the supply areas and charcoal consumption and market forces studies are being undertaken in the cities. Preliminary results on the supply side are presented for Tanzania in this paper. At Kitulangalo one of the charcoal supplying areas in Tanzania, an average charcoal making household produce 43 bags of charcoal per month, charcoal is sold at kiln site at Tshs. 1,000/= per bag. The household realizes an income of Tshs. 43,000/= per month. This income is above the minimum salary rates paid currently to government workers and hence attracts more people to join the business. There are 7 trees of about 10 cm dhb for every 22 bags of about 50 kg of charcoal produced from this area. The mean charcoal kiln efficiency of 23.5% was found. Preferred tree species for charcoal includes, Julbernadia globiflora, Brachystegia boehmii, Tamarindus indica, Acacia nigresces, Acacia gerrardii, Acacia nilotica, Combretum adenogonium, Combretum molle, Combretum zeyheri, Boscia salicifolia, Diplorhynchus condylocarpon, Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia, Terminanalia mollis, Pteleopsis myrtifolia,Combretum collinum, Diospyros kirkii, Xeroderris stuhrmanii, Mimusops kummel, Albizia harvey, Acacia goetzei subsp. Goetzei, Lonchocarpus capassa and Mhungilo. Standing wood volume and basal area of these species are lower in public lands compared to forest reserves while stem numbers shows a reversed trend suggesting regeneration of these species in public lands. The public lands at roadside are dominated by large trees of Acacia polyacantha, a pioneer tree species which is not preferred for charcoal making due to its hooked thorns and lighter charcoal which breaks easily during transportation. An average stand growth rate of 2.3 m 3 ha -1 year -1 has been recorded for the re-growth miombo woodland at Kitulangalo.
Payments for environmental services as incentive opportunities for catchment forest reserves management in Tanzania
(2022-02) Zahabu, E; Malimbwi, R.E; Ngaga, Y.M
Catchment forests occupy a total of 2.8 million hectares in Tanzania. This is about 8% of the total forested land in Tanzania. While catchment forests offer both direct tangible benefits and indirect benefits of which some are perceived as environmental services, they are threatened by prevailing high rate of deforestation and general degradation. Traditionally the management of catchment forests focused on expanding the area under state tenure by excluding local communities. This approach has resulted in greater forest degradation as a result of increasing demand for forest products by local communities due to population increase and lack of alternative sources of income. Inadequate government resources in terms of manpower and funding to effectively manage catchments forests and other forests also contributed to the failure. This reason and others have led to the emergence of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) in its varying facets reflecting varying degrees of involvement of local communities in the management of forest resources. PFM has two main scenarios in Tanzania, Joint Forest Management (JFM) where by villagers and the government jointly manages the forest, and Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) whereby management of the forest is vested wholly in the hands of the local communities. JFM is adopted in catchment forests because of their sensitive nature. The total forest area which is under PFM or is in the process of changing is 2,975,919 ha of which 1,890,613 ha are under JFM. The last decade has witnessed an overwhelming popularity of PFM in most developing countries with varying levels of success. A well managed catchment forest normally benefits a wide range of stakeholders, normally far away from the forest in the form of water for domestic use, hydroelectricity, tourism and carbon sequestration among others. It is logical that these stakeholders should pay for the outcomes of good forest management as incentives to the managers, the local communities. In a study carried out with respect to catchment forest reserves in Tanga, Morogoro, Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions the actual Total Economic Value (TEV) of the forests was rated at USD 496 million per year. A fraction of this value should be ploughed back to the local communities as payment for environmental services. Various benefit sharing mechanisms have been explored in this paper as incentives for improved forest management.
Stand biomass and volume estimation for Miombo Woodlands at Kitulangalo, Morogoro, Tanzania
(Southern African Forestry Journal, 2004-03) Chamshama, S.A.O; Mugasha, A. G; Zahabu, E
Tree volume and biomass equations developed for Kitulangalo area in Morogoro, Tanzania ignored small branches and small trees. Consequently, this study was carried out to develop new individual tree volume and biomass equations, and assess current regeneration status, biodiversity and yield of miombo woodlands of the area. Volume and biomass equations based on stump diameter for the estimation of volume and biomass of felled trees were also developed. A total of 30 trees were measured for stump diameter (StD), diameter at breast height (dbh) and total height and felled for the determination of volume and biomass. Different tree stem, branch and total volume and biomass models were then fitted. For the determination of current regeneration status, biodiversity and yield, data were collected from three strata: (a) Forest Reserve managed by the Central Government, (b) Forest Reserve under Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) and (c) General land (free access by the public). In each stratum, temporary concentric circular sample plots were laid out on transects at 150 m intervals for a 1% sampling intensity. Stand variables such as number of stems per ha, basal area, biomass, volume and plant diversity, were computed for each stratum. The study has revealed the presence of average volumes (m3ha-1) and basal areas (m2ha-1) of: 76.02 + 9.14 and 9.13 + 0.78 for the Government forest reserve, 76.03 + 9.34 and 8.95 + 0.73 for SUA forest reserve, and 43.9 + 7.75 and 7.78 + 1.1 for general land forest. The respective biomass values were 43.56 + 7.06, 41.40 + 4.90 and 29.31 + 6.56 t ha-1. Tree species composition and regeneration status revealed that though disturbed, the public land species composition is not different from the other two strata. More studies should be done on the nursing of the abundant regeneration in the disturbed general land. The developed volume and biomass models are recommended to be used for the miombo woodlands at Kitulangalo area especially where small trees (< 8 cm dbh) are involved.