Department of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://10.10.97.169:4000/handle/123456789/19

Browse

Browsing Department of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences by Subject "Adolescents"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Prevalence, awareness and risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension among secondary school adolescents in Morogoro region, Tanzania
    (SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, 2020) Ahmed, K. M.
    The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is increasing rapidly in Tanzania; triggered by changes in lifestyles, dietary patterns, and increasing early obesity. This study reports the prevalence, awareness and risk factors for Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension among adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to March 2020 which involved 384 adolescent students aged 14-19 years. Standard procedures were used to measure weight, height, body fat percentage, blood pressure and blood glucose. Hyperglycemia was diagnosed using American Diabetes Association criteria while hypertension was diagnosed using American Heart Association Guidelines for childhood hypertension. Dietary assessment was done using a validated dietary diversity questionnaire. Physical activities were assessed using a self-administered 7-day recall physical activity questionnaire for adolescents. Awareness on diabetes and hypertension was obtained through self-administered questionnaire. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 21 was used to analyze descriptive statistics and bivariate logistic regression at 5% level of significance. About 50% of the respondents were aware of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Prevalence of pre-diabetes was higher in urban (7.3%) compared to rural areas (3.1%). The risk factors for pre-diabetes were overweight and obesity (AOR 2.05; 95%CI 2.17-6.86), and elevated body fat (AOR 1.95; 95% CI 1.23- 7.18). The prevalence of hypertension was much higher in urban (17.2%) compared to rural areas (5.7%). The risk factors for hypertension observed were overweight and obesity (AOR 6.45 95% CI 1.64-13.94), elevated body fat (AOR 3.91 95%CI 1.94-8.96), living in urban area (AOR 3.43 95% CI 1.67-7.04) and physical inactivity (AOR 1.98 95% CI 1.65-5.49). High prevalence of pre-diabetes and hypertension due to high rates of overweight and obesity in adolescents was alarming. Therefore; nutrition and healthy lifestyle education has to be integrated in school programs to reduce the risk of developing diabetes and hypertension in the future.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Total body fat is associated with increased risk for pre-diabetes and hypertension among secondary school adolescents in Morogoro Region, Tanzania
    (Iomcworld, 2022) Makbel, Khadija; Mwanri, Akwilina; Ramaiya, Kaushik
    Aims: We aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension among adolescents in Morogoro region, Tanzania. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which involved 384 adolescent students. Standard procedures were used to measure weight, height, body fat percentage, blood pressure and random blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia was diagnosed using American Diabetes Association criteria and hypertension diagnosed using American Heart Association Guidelines for childhood hypertension. Dietary assessment was done using a validated dietary diversity questionnaire. Physical activities were assessed using a self-administered 7-day recall physical activity questionnaire for adolescents. Statistical analyses was done using IBM SPSS version 21. The Chi-square and logistic regression analysis were used to determine determinants for diabetes and hypertension. Results: Prevalence of pre-diabetes was more than twice as much (7.3%) in the urban compared to the rural areas (3.1%). Determinants of pre-diabetes were overweight/obesity (OR 5.64; 95% CI 2.82–11.31), school type (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.04–3.84) and elevated body fat (EBF) (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.03 – 1.09). Likewise, prevalence of hypertension was much higher among urban adolescents (17.2%) compared to their peers (5.7%). Determinants of hypertension were location (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.11 – 3.07), overweight/ obese (OR 5.89; 95% CI 3.19 – 10.89), elevated body fat (EBF) (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.09 – 1.19) and low physical activities (OR 1.58; 95% CI (1.35 – 3.48). Conclusion: High prevalence of pre-diabetes and hypertension among adolescents is alarming. Total body fat and increased BMI are associated with increased risk for pre-diabetes and hypertension. Promotion of healthy lifestyle should start at a younger age to prevent development of diet related non-communicable diseases.