Department of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences

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Browsing Department of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences by Subject "Adults"

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    Eating behaviors and dietary diversity among adults in Morogoro urban, Rural and Mvomero districts
    (Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2015) Mkemwa, Titus Herbert
    Lack of dietary diversity is a serious health problem in developing countries because diets are dominantly starchy staples. This study aimed at assessing healthy eating behaviors and dietary diversity among people living in Morogoro urban, rural and Mvomero districts. A cross sectional study was conducted to assess eating behaviors and dietary diversity in 150 households. Dietary diversity was assessed by using un-quantified validated 24 hours recall method. Anthropometric measurements of children under the age of five years (n = 102) were taken. Data was analyzed using SPSS for windows version 21 and WHOAnthroPlus. Results showed that, rural households had a lower average dietary diversity score per day (6.56 ± 1.73 units of dietary diversity score per day) than urban (8.38 ± 1.65 units of dietary diversity score per day) and periuban (7.72 ± 1.43 units of dietary diversity score per day) households. Dietary diversity was significantly different (P < 0.05) among households of different socio-economic status. Among all study households, 41.7 % (n = 63) had no knowledge about the effects of poor dietary diversity while 37.3 % (n = 56) had no knowledge about the roles played by vegetable and fruits in reducing the risks of non-communicable diseases. Nutritional status of the children under the age of five years, were negatively associated with high dietary diversity scores. It was concluded from this study that, living in rural areas increased the risk of becoming undernourished compared to living in urban and periurban areas. Despite socio-economic challenges in urban areas, people living in urban settings were more informed and had better access to diverse food varieties in all seasons. Awareness programmes should be conducted to the rural communities to equip them with appropriate nutritional knowledge about food groups, healthy eating and dietary diversity.
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    Knowledge and perceptions on overweight and obesity among adults in Same district, Tanzania
    (East African Journal of Science, Technology and Innovation, 2023-09-14) Massawe, E. S.; Msollo, S. S.
    Overweight and obesity are nutritional problems requiring great attention in both developed and developing countries where nutrition knowledge is confined to few people allied with health sectors. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge and perception about overweight and obesity among 362 adults aged 25-55 years in Same District, Kilimanjaro Region. This age group comprises active people at higher risk of non-communicable diseases, and much of the effects may not be due to aging. A structured questionnaire was administered through a face-to-face interview to obtain demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge and perception about overweight and obesity. Standard WHO Anthropometric procedure of weight and height measurement was used to obtain Body Mass Index (BMI) which was categorized as normal (18.5-24.9kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9kg/m2) and obesity (≥30 kg/m2). A high prevalence of overweight (23%) and obesity (17%) was observed among adults. Women were more overweight (28%) and obese (23%) as compared to men (14%) and (6%) respectively. About 80% perceived their body weight as being normal but in reality, only 51% were confirmed to be normal. Also, 22% of overweight respondents perceived their body weight as normal and 10.5% of obese people perceived their BMI as being overweight. Nevertheless, 60% perceived an obese person as healthy and rich and 26% perceived a thin person as poor and unhealthy because they associated thinness with illness such as HIV/AIDS. Obesity was significantly related to income, sex, parity of the mother, education levels, perception and employment status at P<0.005. The high prevalence of overweight and obesity, lack of nutrition knowledge and poor perception about body weight may increase the risks of developing non- communicable diseases. Hence, these findings will assist health-related stakeholders to design appropriate interventions to reduce the problems.
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    Overweight and obesity among adults in Same District, Tanzania
    (Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2016) Msollo, S. S.; Chivaghula, T. J.; Muhimbula, H. S.; Kinabo, J.; Krawinkel, M.
    Overweight and obesity are malnutrition which needs great attention due to their health consequences. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 362 adults aged 25-55 years in 2012 to examine the prevalence of overweight, obesity and risk factors through; assessing nutritional status, dietary intake and physical activities in lowland and highland areas of Same District, Kilimanjaro Region. Demographic, dietary intake and physical activity were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were determined using standard WHO procedures. Data were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions version 16, excels and NutriSurvey 2007 program. The prevalence of overweight was 23% and obesity 17%. Women were more than 4 times likely to be overweight and obese compared to men (OR 5.53, 95% CI: 3.11 – 9.82). Lowland had high prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to highland areas (OR 2.034, 95% CI: 1.138-2.952). About 33% of lowland subjects had excess energy intake compared to 23% of highland (p=0.050). Positive energy balance was significantly associated with overweight and obesity (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.66 – 1.91). The mean Physical Activity Level for highland was 2.2 compared to 1.87 of lowland areas (p<0.05). Overweight and obesity was significantly related to income, sex, residence, education, farming technology, carrying produce, occupation, employment, energy balance and age (P<0.005). The high prevalence of overweight and obesity especially in lowland may be due to physical activities and energy intake which are controllable. These findings will assist health stakeholders to allow design of appropriate interventions to reduce the problems.
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    Overweight and obesity among adults in Same District, Tanzania
    (AJOL, 2016) Msollo, S. S.; Chivaghula T. J.; Muhimbula H. S.; Krawinkel M.; Kinabo J.
    Overweight and obesity are malnutrition which needs great attention due to their health consequences. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 362 adults aged 25-55 years in 2012 to examine the prevalence of overweight, obesity and risk factors through; assessing nutritional status, dietary intake and physical activities in lowland and highland areas of Same District, Kilimanjaro Region. Demographic, dietary intake and physical activity were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were determined using standard WHO procedures. Data were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions version 16, excels and NutriSurvey 2007 program. The prevalence of overweight was 23% and obesity 17%. Women were more than 4 times likely to be overweight and obese compared to men (OR 5.53, 95% CI: 3.11 – 9.82). Lowland had high prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to highland areas (OR 2.034, 95% CI: 1.138-2.952). About 33% of lowland subjects had excess energy intake compared to 23% of highland (p=0.050). Positive energy balance was significantly associated with overweight and obesity (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.66 – 1.91). The mean Physical Activity Level for highland was 2.2 compared to 1.87 of lowland areas (p<0.05). Overweight and obesity was significantly related to income, sex, residence, education, farming technology, carrying produce, occupation, employment, energy balance and age (P<0.005). The high prevalence of overweight and obesity especially in lowland may be due to physical activities and energy intake which are controllable. These findings will assist health stakeholders to allow design of appropriate interventions to reduce the problems