Department of Development and Strategic Studies

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Browsing Department of Development and Strategic Studies by Subject "Accessibility"

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    Domestic water accessibility and its effect to households livelihood: a case of Maswa District, Shinyanga Region, Tanzania
    (Science Domain International, 2025-06-25) Chingonikaya, Emanuel Emanuel; Salehe, Farida Said; Karumo, Bwire
    Water supply is an essential requirement for people and it has intrinsic connection with lives and livelihoods. Water shortage affects households’ labour because of much time and energy spent on obtaining it. Unavailability of safe and clean water has several implications, among them include waterborne diseases, labour, income and time. The study was carried out to explore information on domestic water accessibility and its effects to households Livelihood in Maswa District of Tanzania. Specifically the study intended to get information related to sources of water for domestic use and its accessibility, who are mostly responsible for collecting water, time spent seeking for water and challenges related to unsafe and clean water 120 respondents were engaged in this study. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire and focused group discussions (FGDs). Descriptive statistics and content analysis techniques were applied in analyzing the data. Results from the study show that unavailability of safe and clean water affects income through consuming time and loss of labour during fetching water. In addition, water related diseases consumes labour’s time and money for caring patients. Moreover, most of labour used in fetching water was mothers and daughters. Consequently, women face many challenges which are associated by carrying water on their heads at a distance and time wasted during fetching water. The challenges particularly time waste during fetching water hinders women’s participation to other income generating activities. The study concludes that sources of water such as traditional dug wells and hand dug wells at the river bed represent the most important water sources for rural households in the study area. Moreover, women face a number of challenges related to water shortage and time spent fetching water. The study recommends that authority’s responsible for facilitating Water supply systems both at National and Regional level should Increase mechanisms which will enable large population to access water within acceptable distance in order to reduce women and children burden of carrying water at a distance.
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    Groundwater situation in Tanzania: Experiences from Mbarali district in Mbeya region
    (Mkwawa University College of Education, 2018-06) Kabote, S. J.; Gudaga, J. L.; Tarimo, A. K. P. R.; Mosha, D. B.
    This chapter examines groundwater situation in selected villages in rural areas of Mbarali District where drinking water infrastructures for domestic use are poor and or lacking. The study adopted sequential exploratory research design to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The sample size, randomly selected, was 90 groundwater users and 50% were women. Descriptive statistics, one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis and independent T-test were used to analyze quantitative data while qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. The results show that 66.7% of the respondents depend on the groundwater (deep wells) for domestic use. This was influenced by the perception that groundwater was clean or was the only source available. The mean distance from a household to a groundwater source was 249.50 metres. The variation, in terms of distance from households to the groundwater source between the villages, was significant at 5%. In addition, the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of the household heads and the amount of groundwater used was generally weak. The socio-economic characteristics involved were household heads' education level, household size, household annual income and distance from home to the groundwater source. The study concludes that groundwater was critical and dependable in supporting households' livelihoods. It is therefore pertinent, at a policy level, to enhance groundwater infrastructure development at the local level so long as surface water is dwindling. In addition, the question of groundwater governance in terms of groundwater quality, institutional structures and legal and policy issues worth an investigation to ensure sustainability of the groundwater resources.
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    Households’ socio-demographic, health-related characteristics and progress towards attainment of universal health coverage in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
    (Tanzania Journal of Community Development, 2022-10-25) Kimario, Kanti Ambrose; Muhanga, Mikidadi Idd; Kayunze, Kim Abel
    Households’ characteristics should not hinder the progress toward attaining Universal Health Coverage (UHC). UHC attainment progress in Kilimanjaro Region involved assessing perceived differences between households’ characteristics and UHC factors (accessibility, affordability, and service delivery quality). The study employed a cross-sectional design involving 384 households and 30 health facilities selected through multi- stage and purposive sampling approaches, respectively. Data were collected through survey questionnaires. Through IBM-SPSS household- based data were analysed using Kruskal Wallis H and Mann Whitney U tests. Health facilities-based data were analysed through Geometric mean computation using MS-Excel to obtain UHC service coverage index. Results indicated: Occupation (p=0.012), general household health condition (GHHC) (p=0.039), health insurance membership (HIM) (p=0.039), and presence of non-communicable disease (p=0.032); GHHC (p=0.041); income (p=0.000), occupation (p= 0.000), education (p=0.004), health check-up frequency (p=0.001), and HIM (p=0.000) were significantly different in health services delivery quality, accessibility, and affordability, respectively. UHC service coverage index was 69.9%, which is fairly good about the WHO recommendation of 80%. Therefore, households’ characteristics can impair health services access and, consequently, impair progress towards UHC attainment. To improve UHC attainment progress, service providers, LGAs and MoH should work towards improving the service domains, which scored below threshold and promotion of universal health insurance.