Department of Chemistry and Physics

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Browsing Department of Chemistry and Physics by Subject "Active water flooding"

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    Enhancement of oil recovery under active water flooding using modified lignin extracted from coconut coir
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2021-02) Ruvubu, Sylvanus Bisaba
    The aim of this study was to investigate on the use of modified lignin extracted from coconut coir for active water flooding in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). Three steps of processing coconut coir into sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) werefollowed, which were separation of coir from the outer layer of the coconut fruit, extraction of lignin and sulfonation of lignin to form SLS. Extracted lignin and SLS were characterized by FT- IR and porosimeter analyzer. The TGA was also used to characterize modified lignin while coconut coir was only characterized by FT-IR. SLS was then tested for its use in active water flooding for oil recovery process through simulated geological reservoir. The extraction of lignin wasachieved through acid precipitation method while the modification of lignin was done by sulfonation reaction. In this study, 80.0884 g of coconut coir produced 17.4608 g of lignin. Lignin (8.1112 g) produced 3.4132 g of SLS, which is 42.08% yield by weight. The porosimeter results indicated that modified lignin exhibits large surface area (947.915in2/g) than unmodified lignin (554.864 m2/g). The FT-IR results for coconut coir showed peaks at 2250 cm and 1019 cm' 1464 cm' which were not observed in spectrum of the extracted lignin. SLS indicated peaks al 1450 cm' cm 1595 cm for—SO3, 1037 cm' for S-O, 1118 cm' forS=O and 623 for C-Sas an indicator for successful sulfonation of lignin. Modified lignin showed thermal stability at temperature up to about 200 °C, pertinent to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. Also, during chemical flooding, SLS surfactant solution indicated maximum concentration of 4461.2 ppm and IFT of -3.9096xI0'5 Nm'’which accounted for the maximum oil recovery of 36% during active water flooding.