Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology

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Browsing Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology by Subject "Antimicrobial resistance"

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    Antimicrobial resistance and genotypic diversity of Campylobacter isolated from pigs, dairy, and beef cattle in Tanzania
    (Frontiers in Microbiology, 2015-11-12) Kashoma, I. P.; Kassem, I. I.; Kumar, A.; Kessy, B. M.; Gebreyes, W.; Kazwala, R. R.; Rajashekara, G.
    Foodborne Campylobacter infections pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. However, the occurrence and characteristics of Campylobacter in food animals and products remain largely unknown in Tanzania. The objective of this study was to determine the revalence, antibiotic resistance, and genetic profiles (sequence types, STs) of Campylobacter isolated from feces of pigs and dairy and beef cattle in Tanzania. Overall, 259 (∼30%) of 864 samples were positive for Campylobacter spp, which were detected in 32.5, 35.4, and 19.6% of the pig, dairy, and beef cattle samples, respectively. Multiplex PCR analysis identified 4.5 and 29.3% of the Campylobacter isolates as C. coli and C. jejuni, respectively. The majority (91.9%) of the isolates from pig samples were identified as C. coli, while C. jejuni accounted for 65.5% of the isolates from cattle. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion assay and the broth microdilution method revealed resistance to: ampicillin (Amp) (70.3% and 75.7%, respectively), gentamicin (Gen) (1.8% and 12.6%), streptomycin (Str) (65.8 and 74.8%), erythromycin (Ery) (41.4 and 48.7%), tetracycline (Tet) (18.9 and 23.4%), and ciprofloxacin (Cip) (14.4 and 7.2%). Resistance to nalidixic acid (Nal) (39.6%), azithromycin (Azm) (13.5%), and chloramphenicol (Chl) (4.5%) was determined using the disk diffusion assay only, while resistance to tylosin (Tyl) (38.7%) was quantified using the broth microdilution method. Multilocus sequence typing of 111 Campylobacter isolates resulted in the identification of 48 STs (26 C. jejuni and 22 C. coli) of which seven were novel (six C. jejuni and one C. coli). Taken together, this study revealed the high prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in important food animals in Tanzania, which highlights the urgent need for the surveillance and control of Campylobacter in this country.
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    Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter from different stages of the chicken meat supply chain in Morogoro, Tanzania
    (Tanzania Veterinary Journal, 2015-01-12) Kashoma, I. P.; Mkomba, F. D.; Bunyaga, A. S.
    Poultry are recognized as a main reservoir of Campylobacter spp. However, longitudinal studies investigating the persistence of Campylobacter on broilers and retail chciekn meat in Tanzania are rare. The aim of the current work was to evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. isolated from broiler farms and retail chicken meat. Eight hundred samples were collected from broilers aged 1 week to slaughter and retail chicken carcasses, consisting of 600 fecal droppings and 200 carcass rinses. The overall Campylobacter prevalence was 43.3% (381/880). The isolation rate of Campylobacter from chicken faeces was 41.5%, from carcasses at the farm was 51.0% and from carcasses from retail stores was 37.5%. Biochemical testing by hippurate hydrolysis identified 72.4% of all isolates as C. jejuni, 20.5% as C. coli, and 7.1% as other Campylobacter spp. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction confirmed 75.1% of all isolates as C. jejuni, 17.8% as C. coli, 4.2% as both, and 2.9% as other Campylobacter spp. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disk diffusion assay and broth micro-dilution method revealed resistance to: ampicillin (41% and 44%, respectively), ciprofloxacin (56 and 59%), erythromycin (17 and 18%), gentamicin (6% and 12%), streptomycin (20 and 23%), and tetracycline (62 and 63%). Resistance to azithromycin (9%), chloramphenicol (7%) and nalidixic acid (72%) was determined using the disk diffusion assay only. Up to 5% and 4% of all isolate tested were pan-susceptible, while, 67% and 40% showed multidrug resistance using the disk diffusion assay and the broth microdilution method, respectively. These results reinforce the need of efficient strategy implementation to control and reduce Campylobacter in chickens at production and slaughter levels, and the necessity to reduce the use of antimicrobials in poultry sector.