Porcine circovirus 2 uses heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate B glycosaminoglycans as receptors for its attachment to host cells
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Date
2006
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Journal of virology
Abstract
Monocyte/macrophage lineage cells are target cells in vivo for porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) replication. The
porcine monocytic cell line 3D4/31 supports PCV2 replication in vitro, and attachment and internalization
kinetics of PCV2 have been established in these cells. However, PCV2 receptors remain unknown. Glycosami-
noglycans (GAG) are used by several viruses as receptors. The present study examined the role of GAG in
attachment and infection of PCV2. Heparin, heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate B (CS-B), but not CS-A,
and keratan sulfate reduced PCV2 infection when these GAG were incubated with PCV2 prior to and during
inoculation of 3D4/31 cells. Enzymatic removal of HS and CS-B prior to PCV2 inoculation of 3D4/31 cells
significantly reduced PCV2 infection. Similarly, when PCV2 virus-like particles (VLP) were allowed to bind
onto 3D4/31 cells in the presence of heparin and CS-B, attachment was strongly reduced. Titration of field
isolates and low- and high-passage laboratory strains of PCV2 in the presence of heparin significantly reduced
PCV2 titers, showing that the capacity of PCV2 to bind GAG was not acquired during in vitro cultivation but
is an intrinsic feature of wild-type virus. When Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were inoculated with PCV2,
relative percentages of PCV2-infected cells were 27% ⴞ 8% for HS-deficient and 12% ⴞ 10% for GAG-deficient
cells compared to wild-type cells (100%). Furthermore, it was shown using heparin-Sepharose chromatography
that both PCV2 and PCV2 VLP directly interacted with heparin. Together, these results show that HS and
CS-B are attachment receptors for PCV2
Description
Journal Article
Keywords
Porcine circovirus, Receptors, Host cells, Chondroitin sulfate