Department of Ecosystems and Conservation

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Browsing Department of Ecosystems and Conservation by Author "Abdallah, J.M"

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    The challenges and opportunities conservation initiatives may present on livelihoods to smallholders in Mgori Community Based Forest Reserve
    (2012) Abdallah, J.M; Majule, A.E; Mwakisu, A. I.
    Changes of conservation initiatives aim at balancing sustainability of forest resources and rural livelihoods. Little is known on influence of conservation to livelihoods. This study assessed people’s livelihood assets and the way conservation institutions modify access to the assets, and its implications to poverty. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Ninety seven households were randomly selected from three villages. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data while SPSS computer software was used for quantitative data analysis. There was reduced access to livelihood assets especially natural assets attributable to conservation initiative. Respondents (60%) felt that they pay for conservation more than they benefit from the conservation. Household income sources were: agriculture (54.1%), environmental income (5.6%) and non-farm and off-farms contributed (40.3%). The total household income increased with increase in agricultural crop sales (especially finger millets) and the relationship was significant (P<0.01). Majority (75%) perceived that climate change may impact smallholders’ livelihoods directly through a change in rainfall and temperatures, but 90% observed that mitigation such as REDD initiatives may also lead to serious challenges to smallholders due to restrictions on access to land. Restrictions attributable to conservations (environmental income), increased income inequality. The inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient increased significantly without environmental income in Mughunga (0.1), Ngimu (0.01) and Pohama (0.01). Generally, without environmental income, the overall Gini coefficient decreased to 0.08 units. Community’s perception on increased conservation initiative e.g. towards REDD for poverty reduction was negative. Under current conservation initiative the wildlife conflicts were reported high (88%), among them 58% of the respondents attributed the extent of conflicts due to conservation. Pressure on land around Mogori Community Based Forest Management increased due to population growth and the demand for cultivating drought resistant crops (e.g. finger millets). REDD introduction, should be handled in a broader context in order to try avoiding adverse effects on smallholders’ access to resources and, hence, to their livelihoods.
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    Economic value of imported wood based products in Tanzania
    (Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI) and Tanzania Forest Fund (TaFF), 2018) Abdallah, J.M; Masaka, K
    The Government emphasizes a new direction for the country’s economy. It commits her resources to inclusive economic growth through industrialization. This means that more investment on wood processing industries is required. Information on economic value of imported wood based products is important to inform development policies in Tanzania. Therefore, the overarching aim of this study was to provide insight into the values of wood based products import streams to Tanzania by focusing on the types of wood products imported, their values, and countries of origin; and to recommend investment opportunities to reduce the balance of trade. Methods used were literature review, and the collection of export and import statistics of between 2007 and 2018 from Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) Headquarters in Dar es Salaam. The Common External Tariff 2012 Version was used to filter codes of the sections and heads referring wood based products before formal request was made to the TRA Headquarters on the relevant codes. The data were analyzed mainly using Excel software. The results show that wood products which have been imported to Tanzania since 2007 exhibited a volatile trend. There was an increase in the imports of wood based products between year 2007 and 2013, while a high-pitched increase (by about 87%) was between 2013 and 2015, followed by a steady decrease between 2015 and 2017. Wood Based products (poles) treated with paint, stains, creosote or other preservatives were the main products that had the highest value (TZS 27.7 billion in 2014) compared to other products imported between 2007 and 2018. Some of the products imported include clothes’ hangers, wood charcoal, and fuel wood, in logs, billets, twigs, faggots or similar forms. It is possible to save the foreign money spent to import some of these products by investing in industries in Tanzania to produce them locally
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    Rotation age and fibre length of pinus patula at sao hill forest plantation, Tanzania
    (Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI) and Tanzania Forest Fund (TaFF), 2018) Laswai, F; Malimbwi, R.E; Chamshama, S.A.O; Abdallah, J.M; Balama, C.; Pima, N.E; Mugasha, W.A; Mauya, E
    This study determined the rotation age of Pinus patula grown at Sao Hill forest plantation based on growth, yield, wood properties, and economic analysis. Previous Technical Orders on rotation age were not based on these considerations. Growth, yield, wood properties, revenue, and management costs data were collected and analysed using standard procedures. The results indicate that there were fewer and lighter prunings and thinnings than specified in the respective schedules. Many trees were found to have breast height diameter below 40 cm in all compartments except one. Growth and yield results showed that for P. patula grown at Sao Hill, the equity point of Mean Annual Increment (MAI) and Current Annual Increment (CAI) were achieved at between 16 and 17 years with the maximum MAI being maintained until about 20 years. Basic density and mechanical properties showed that strong wood was obtained when trees were 16 years and above and these properties increased with age. The mean fibre length for 5 - 25 years old P. patula was found to range from 2.29 to 3.53 mm and increased with age. Fibre lengths from 11 years and above exceed the minimum (3 mm) considered suitable for pulp and paper production. Based on economic analysis, net present value (NPV) was attained at between 16 and 17 years. Based on considerations of growth and yield, wood properties and economics of rotation age; P. patula from Sao Hill is recommended to be harvested at 18 years for timber and 11 years for pulp and paper production.