Department of Crop Science and Horticulture

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Browsing Department of Crop Science and Horticulture by Subject "Adaptability"

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    Adaptability, correlation and path coefficient analysis among selected variables of sunflower (ilelianthus animus l.) genotypes
    (Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2013) Sabula, Leonard Mhoja
    Three genotypes of sunflower (PI 364860, K.Fedha and Record) were evaluated at three locations (Seatondale, Inyala and Uyole) and three spacing regimes (75 cm x 45 cm, 75 cm x 30 cm and 75 cm x 15 cm) during the season 2011/12 to estimate the performance of seed yield and its components. The objectives of this study were to evaluate genotype x environmental interactions among the selected variables and to determine the interrelationships and paths of influence among components of yield. Treatments were combined in a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected and analysed using GenStat 14th Edition. The genotype x environment interaction (G x E) was highly significant for all studied variables, suggesting that the performance of the genotypes were inconsistent in different environments. AU the genotypes at Seatondale and Uyole sites yielded higher compared to Inyala site due to low rainfall amount, temperatures and altitudes existed at Inyala may had contributed to the lowest performance. Therefore, Seatondale and Uyole are recommended to be the best for sunflower production. The genotype PI 364860 was identified to be adaptable and stable on seed yield. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that seed yield had positive and significant association with number of seeds per head, head diameter, seed weight per head and 100 seed weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis indicated that number of seeds per head, 100 seed weight, head diameter and seed weight per head had maximum positive direct effect on yield and they interrelated positively through each other. However, number of seeds per head and diameter interacted positively with most variables in their relations with yield which themselves were the major contributors of grain yield.
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    Effect of genotype by environment interaction on tea (camellia sinensis l. (o.) Kuntze) yield and quality in selected areas of Tanzania
    (Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2018) Msomba, S. W.
    The study on response of thirty one (31) improved tea (Camellia sinensis L. (O). Kuntze) genotypes to environment variation and drip irrigation levels were conducted for tea yield and yield components. In same study, five genotypes were assessed on stability and adaptability for tea quality. A Complete Randomized Block Design with 3 replicates was adopted. Yield responses to drip irrigation were evaluated using five drip irrigations (I0 to I4) levels. High genetic × environment interaction was evident among tea genotypes for yield and shoot density traits, implied potential to choose genotypes for these traits. Thus, new developed or introduced improved tea genotypes should be evaluated at different environments for identification of genotype specific locations. In view of locations, Ngwazi was identified most potential for yield, while Ilenge was prospective for shoot density production. Genotypes TRIT 201/43 (4) and TRIT 201/55 (8) were promising for yield in high tea performing environments. TRFK 12/19 (2), TRIT 201/47 (6), TRFK 31/8 (20) and TRFK 6/8 (30) were suitable for low yield performing environments. The genotypes exhibited above average means (x>x̅) with average response (βi≈1.0), were stable (S2di = 0) with high reliability response (R2i≥70%). Genotypes TRIT 201/43 (4), TRIT 201/73 (9) and TRFK 303/577 (19) were promising both for yield and shoot density at high and low performing environments. TRIT 201/16 expressed higher proportion of catechins components, while TRIT 201/43 (4) was stable and accumulated higher TC. Genotypes varied in response to drip irrigation levels, with TRFK 303/577 (19) presenting higher yield at higher drip irrigation (I4 =100%) treatment. This can be commercialized in tea areas where water for irrigation is not a constraint. Similarly, due to higher yield performance at no-drip irrigation (I0) treatment, TRIT 201/43 (4) and TRFK 303/259 (18) were considered promising under rain-fed tea depended areas. Higher shoot density and yield were recorded during 2014/15 and 2015/16 respectively. Yield and shoot density expressed significantly positive correlations with WUE.
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    Performance and adaptability of common bean genotypes at different agro-ecological environments in Kagera region
    (Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 2020) Mbiu, Julius P; Nchimbi–Msolla, Susan; Rubyogo, Jean C; William, Magdalena N.
    Sixteen common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were used to study the genotype by environment interaction and grain yield stability. The randomized complete block design was used with three replicates. Data on yield were analyzed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot model was used to display graphical representation of the yield data and the yield stability index (YSi). The analysis of variance of the AMMI model indicated that environments accounted for 56.9% of the total sum of square; genotypes effect explained 9.2% and the G x E interaction effect accounted 8.9% of the total sum of squares for the 16 genotypes tested across three environments and were all significant (P < 0.01). The average grain yield were 2.7, 1.38 and 1.20 t ha-1 for Karagwe, Bukoba and Muleba respectively. According the results, the GGE biplot revealed that, the genotypes SSIN 1240, SAB 659 and DAB 219, SMR 101, SMC 162 and DAB 602 showed greater stability with the average closer to the overall average of the tested genotypes. Therefore they are recommended to be used as varieties or parents for further improvement of available cultivars.