Articles, Conference and Workshop Papers Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://10.10.97.169:4000/handle/123456789/1003

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Adoption of climate-smart agriculture in small-scale farming in Africa: are the pillars for CSA accounted for?
(College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Morogoro-Tanzania, 2022-06-26) Mbwambo, J. S.
Studies have shown that climate change has a significant effect on the rural landscape and the equilibrium of the agrarian and forest ecosystems resulting in instability disintegration of agricultural-dependent livelihood systems in rural and peri-urban areas. To address these and related challenges, many countries have attempted Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA). CSA has been proven to address the intertwined challenge of increasing agricultural productivity while at the same time maintaining sustainable levels of carbon emissions from agriculture. Despite its proven benefits, the adoption of CSA in Africa varies across the continent. In some countries the adoption of certain practices is as low as 10% and in others above 60%. Using scoping, narrative and descriptive approaches in the analysis of literature, this study has demonstrated that Climate-Smart Agriculture technologies have proved to be effective in delivering food security, climate change mitigation, and adaptation. However, while researchers working in these areas have attempted to work on the biophysical aspects of Climate-Smart Agriculture, there are gaps in the understanding of how the adoption of Climate-Smart Technologies has contributed to climate change mitigation and adaptation. The study further revealed that various factors such as household characteristics, land ownership and gender were considered in the introduction and adoption of CSA technology. The study recommends that more work is needed to enhance knowledge on mitigation and adaptation aspects of CSA technologies. The study recommends further that considerations be made on resources endowment during the recruitment of farmers to adopt CSA technologies.
Adoption of climate-smart crop and livestock production in Africa: are the key pillars included?
(University of Nairobi, 2023) Mbwambo, Jonathan Stephen
Studies have shown that climate change has a significant effect on the rural agricultural landscape with the equilibrium of agrarian and forest ecosystems becoming increasingly unstable and agricultural-dependent livelihoods in rural and peri-urban areas weakening very rapidly. To address these and related challenges, many countries have attempted Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA). The approach has been proven to address the intertwined challenge of increasing agricultural productivity while at the same time maintaining sustainable levels of carbon emissions from agriculture. Despite its many benefits, its adoption rate in Africa varies widely across the continent. In some countries, adoption of important CSA practices is as low as 10% and in others over 60%. Using scoping, narrative and descriptive approaches in the analysis of literature, this study has demonstrated that Climate-Smart Agriculture technologies are effective in improving food security and overall land productivity. However, there are still big gaps in quantifying the actual contribution of CSA technologies to climate change mitigation and adaptation. The study further revealed that while various factors such as household characteristics, land ownership and gender were considered in the introduction and adoption of CSA technologies, little attention was given to the key pillars of CSA including indigenous knowledge systems, resource endowment, farmers preferences, among others. The study recommends that, in order to enhance and the adoption of CSA technologies, more knowledge is needed on the inclusion of indigenous knowledge systems and practices in the development of CSA technologies. The study recommends further that, in order to position CSA in policies and programs for agriculture transformation, it is also important to undertake studies on the capacity of CSA to sequester carbon and how this may be included in climate change mitigation and adaptation policies. Finally, the study recommends the inclusion of women in the design and dissemination of CSA technologies.
Adoption of rainfed paddy production technologies among smallholder farmers: A case of Central District- Zanzibar, Tanzania
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2018-02) Haji, A. K.; Salehe, S. S.; Msinde, J.
This study intended to determine factors affecting the adoption of new technologies in rainfed paddy production practiced by smallholder farmers in the Central District-Zanzibar, Tanzania. A crosssectional research design was employed. A structured questionnaire, focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant (KI) interviews were used to explore issues related to rainfed paddy production. 120 respondents who were engaged in rainfed paddy farming were selected from 4 village clusters (30 respondents in each village cluster) from December 2013 to January 2014. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model. Results show that majority of respondents (55%) were female while 45% were male aging 19-59 years. The study revealed that rainfed paddy production technologies that were adopted by smallholder farmers included row planting, fertilizer application (P=.03), weed control and the use of improved paddy seed varieties (p= .04). Descriptive analysis results showed that the adoption level of technologies was high. The logistic regression analysis showed that extension services, age, off-farm income and distance from residence to the marketplaces were factors that influenced the decisions of smallholder farmers to adopt technologies (p<.05). Researchers recommend that the government of Zanzibar should continue providing efficient extension services to smallholder farmers in order to ensure sustainability in the adoption of rainfed paddy production technologies in Zanzibar.
The impact of land tenure and degradation on adoption of agroforestry in Uluguru mountains forest, Tanzania
(Research Gate, 2012) Ruheza, Sosthenes; Tryphone, George Muhamba; Khamis, Zuena K.
The influence of land tenure and land degradation on adoption of Agroforestry practices can not be overstated. A study was carried in Tandai village in Uluguru Mountains of Morogoro Rural District, Tanzania, to investigate on the impact of land tenure and degradation on the adoption of agroforestry methods and practices. A total of 50 heads of households, which is approximately 15% of the total number of farmers in the study area were respondents of the study. Questionnaire and checklist questions were used to collect primary data from farmers, government and Non-governmental officials respectively. Results show that although 98% of the respondents owned farmlands, 58% were not satisfied with their farm sizes. The study also revealed that 92% of the respondents said that the only way for acquiring extra farmland is through buying while 8% of the respondents said that they can inherit from their parents and/uncles. Of the respondents, 72% were aware of the causes to land degradation in their farmlands. From this study it is argued that low rate of adoption of agroforestry in Uluguru Mountains Forests might be not because of farmers’ resistance to change but due to a complex and sensitive land tenure systems which is one among other factors underpinning adoption of the practices. However, farmers’ awareness on intensity and causes of the land degradation on their farms, and their acknowledgement on the significance of agroforestry methods and practices for land conservation is a meaningful capital to facilitate adoption of the practices within the complex and sensitive land tenure system in Uluguru mountains forests.
Studies on the influence of tree tenure on the adoption of agroforestry practices in Uluguru mountains, Tanzania
(Research Gate, 2012) Ruheza, Sosthenes; Tryphone, George Muhamba; Mbwambo, Jonathan Stephen; Khamis, Zuena K.; Swella, George; Mushobozy, Deus K.
On-farm tree retention formed the basis for the present day agroforestry systems in many traditions. In the present study, we assessed the influence of tree tenure on the adoption of agroforestry practices in Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania. Results showed that most of the farmers (92%) were involved in activities related to tree planting and/or tree retaining with the number of trees planted in existing farmlands ranging between 150 to more than 300. Young respondents planted more trees compared to middle and old age groups. Household labour unit level had an influence on the number and species of plant trees planted. The study revealed that men were significantly more involved in tree planting than women. It was also found by this study that most of the respondents (82.2%) were planting trees in their farms mainly for economic gains through timber production, while 13.3% and only 4.5% of the respondents were planting trees for soil conservation and for moisture conservation respectively. Therefore, more efforts need to be directed to planting tree species that have economic benefits to farmers in order to speed up the rate of agroforestry adoption. Perceived benefits of agroforestry practices in the study areas were for its easiness in the management of trees with other crops (59%), conservation of moisture (28%) and (13%) of the respondents said see no benefit of agroforestry system.

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