Agricultural Education and Extension Collection

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A comparative analysis of RIPAT and other selected participatory rural development approaches used in Tanzania.
(Mkuki na Nyota, 2023) Madaha, Rasel; Martin, R.; Mwakatoga, J.
Influenced by the African socialism philosophy of the late Julius Nyerere and the participant research practices of Marja Liisa Swantz, Tanzania is one of the pioneers of participatory action research in the world. Within the mentioned milieu, participatory approaches have become widespread. The approaches are geared at enabling rural communities to address their challenges through participatory approaches. This book chapter focuses on a comparative analysis of locally improved rural development approaches that have been developed and improved in the Tanzanian context. Using primary and secondary data from some Tanzanian rural interventions by Uluguru Mountains Agricultural Development Project (process approach) and World Vision Tanzania (ADP approach), the chapter focuses on a comparative analysis of the mentioned strategies and RIPAT (Rural Initiatives for Participatory Agricultural Transformation) to shed some light on rural development efforts in the Tanzanian context. The process approach involves participatory endogenous processes of development that start with the recognition of the local capacities of the people. The ADP (Area Development Programmes) approach is a participatory approach that seeks to induce communities with capabilities to undertake appropriate actions to accomplish economic and social progress. More recently, World Vision Tanzania (WVT) reframed the acronym ADP by calling it Tanzania Empowerment ADP Model (TEAM). RIPAT is a participatory extension approach that transfers a ‘basket’ of agricultural technology options, including various crops and livestock, to groups of 25 to 30 smallholder farmers in a way that allows for joint, experiential, and participatory learning. In 2017 Research, Community and Organisational Development Associates (RECODA) entered a two year contract with WVT of co-owning the approach; the agreement ended in 2019. The engagement allowed World Vision Tanzania to use the RIPAT approach in ADPs. All in all, some literature suggests that participatory approaches fail to empower people in real life situation. In this regard and drawing from the participatory theory and practice, the chapter assesses the sustainability of the approaches.
Analysis of agricultural credit in development projects: a case study of the Southern highlands project in Tanzania
(2000) Mwachang’a, Sikauka Mwallu
This study is an evaluation of the role of the Southern Highlands Extension and Rural Financial Services Project (SHERFSP) in extending credit to smallholder farmers in Southern Tanzania. It also assesses the impact of such credit on agricultural production of smallholder farmers in the period 1995/96 to 1997/98. Data for the study were collected from a sample of 120 smallholder farmers from twelve villages in Iringa rural and Mufindi districts in Iringa region. Secondary data were collected from SHERFSP to assess its performance. Results of the study reveal that SHERFSP uses a group lending approach to extend credit to smallholder fanners. Fanner’s socio-economic factors that influence acquisition of credit from the SHERFSP are average cash from crop sales, average cost from hired labour, expenditure on inputs, average cash from off-farm activities and farmers’ awareness about existence of SHERFSP. An assessment of the impact of credit was made by comparing users and non-users of SHERFSP credit. Results show that there is a significant difference in farm input use, farm outputs and farm income levels between borrowers and non-borrowers. This implies that the acquisition of credit from SHERFSP had an impact on farmers. Those who obtained credit used higher levels of inputs, had higher farm output and farm income. Major problems encountered by smallholder farmers in procuring and use of credit are delays in the delivery of inputs, inadequate amounts of the loans received, poor supervision and
Analysis of start, end and length of the rainfall seasons in Mbeya, southwestern highland in Tanzania
(Creative Commons CC, 2018-07) Kimambo, Offoro Neema; Ndeto, Emmanuel Lubango
Tanzania like any other developing countries is depending on uncertain rainfall for their subsistence and commercial agriculture. In this paper the start and end of rains for Mbeya Meteorological Station in Tanzania Mainland was analyzed and critically examined. Data were kindly given by Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA) during face to face Statistics in Applied Climatology (fSIAC) workshop which was held at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) the year 2013 prior to online Course on Statistics in Applied climatology (eSIAC). In this study data were analyzed using Instat (for windows version 3.3.7) package developed by the Statistical Services Centre of the University of Reading. The analysis showed that much of rains start early December all the way to May. There is also 50 percent chance of having below and above the mean for both total annual rainfall and number of rains, in other word one in two years the total rains are below means likewise the number of rain days.
Assessment of consumers’ knowledge on the safety of vegetables produced in Morogoro urban using low quality water
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Mdegela, Shukrani
This study sought to assess the knowledge of consumers on the safety of vegetables produced in Morogoro Urban using Low Quality Water (LQW). The study determined how the knowledge of consumers influenced the perception and preference of various types of vegetables irrigated with LQW. A cross sectional study design was adopted and the 130 respondents were selected using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data collection was done using an interview schedule, focus group discussions and direct observation. Simple descriptive statistics, cross tabulations and chi-square test were used to analyse data. The study results indicated that, the vegetable consumers had knowledge that some vegetables in urban Morogoro were irrigated with LQW, but some of them were not sure if the vegetables they consumed were irrigated with LQW. Knowledge had a significant influence on the perception of consumers as it was revealed in this study that, consumers with knowledge that the vegetables were irrigated with LQW washed thoroughly and cooked the vegetables to maintain its safety. The study also found that five types of vegetables; Chinese cabbage, Amaranths, Pumpkin leaves, Sweet potato leaves and Okra were frequently bought and an average of 0.6kg was consumed at household per day. Sweet potato leaves were found to be the most preferred vegetables by respondents among the five types; consumers recognized it’s nutritious regardless of the kind of water used for irrigation. The study concluded that knowledge about the safety of vegetables had influence to the preference and perception of consumers. Based on the findings from this study, it is recommended that Morogoro Municipal Council through Morogoro Rural and Urban Water Supply Authority should set strategies of treating LQW frequently and the community should be assured on its safety before is allowed to use it. The community health officers should provide sanitary education to vegetable vendors and consumers. Also, extension agents should provide education to farmers on improved methods of irrigation.
Assessment of factors influencing smallholder farmers’ utilization of animal draft power: a case study in Bunda district, Mara region
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2011) NGABO,JANE NYANJIGA M
The purpose of the study was to investigate factors influencing smallholder farmers’ utilization of animal draft power (ADP in Bunda District, Mara region. Six villages were purposively selected, and 17 smallholder farmers from each village were randomly selected, seven of them were using ADP, and ten others were not, making a total of 102 smallholder fanners in the study sample. Structured interview schedules were used to collect primary data on ADP users and non-users. The study reveals that the main source of income is crop production while livestock keeping and off-farm activities are secondary sources. The study reveals further that 66.7% of the ADP users and non-users earn incomes of about Tshs. 364,900/= from the sale of field crops. Observations also show that 52% of the ADP users faced, labour shortages during weeding time, high cost of spare parts and prevalent of cattle diseases. Of the 74 respondents who kept cattle, 42% of them reported that tick borne diseases are common diseases in the area. It was also found that the common diseases that affect oxen during the cropping season were foot rots, Foot and mouth disease, worms and tick-borne diseases. Also, the study reveals that most of the respondents do not control cattle parasites because of the high cattle dipping cost charges and the lack of ALEAs. Of all the ADP users, 54.8% indicated to have had learned ADP technologies from their parents (farther). Of all the ADP users, 62% indicated that ploughing using ADP is done by men, for activities such as land preparation and ploughing, while planting, weeding, harvesting, transportation, and processing of field crops are done manually by women and children. The study found that 50% of ADP users reported that DA worked from 5 am to 9 am ploughig, from 9 am to 6 pm grazing, and there no supplementary feeding.
Assessment of gender roles in sunflower value chain:their potentials and constraints in Mvomero District,Morogoro region.
(Sokoine university of Agriculture, 2015) Khahima, Juliana Jacob
This study on the assessment of gender roles in sunflower value chain was carried out in Mlali and Mzumbe wards to assess ones‟ involvement in sunflower value chain in Mvomero District, Morogoro, Tanzania. Many value chain programmes are commonly designed and implemented without taking into consideration of gender roles. Interest in this study was prompted by recognition that understanding women and men‟s relationships plays an important role in developing solutions to household problems, hence it was necessary to have a thorough understanding on how to change the present social constructed roles and activities which hinder the development of agricultural industry. The study assessed gender roles in sunflower value chain: their potentials and constraints in Mvomero District, Morogoro, Interest in this study was prompted by the recognition that equal involvement of males and females in the chain plays a great role to increase production and productivity as well as efficiency in sunflower value chain. Hence it was necessary to have a thorough understanding on how to go about implementing various activities in the chain. Sample size of the study consisted of 138 farmers, and 3 government extension staff. Descriptive analyses using SPSS version 12 was used as a tool of analysis.Structured questionnaire were used to collect relevant information from the respondents. Generally, the study revealed that males dominated in almost all nodes (input supply, packaging, transportation, marketing, and consumption) in the sunflower value chain while females, out of seven nodes, dominated in only two nodes (production and processing). The study therefore recommends specific considerations be taken to link females horizontally and vertically to other nodes in sunflower value chain.
Assessment of livelihoods of smallholder pig keepers in Mbeya rural and Mbozi districts, Mbeya region, Tanzania
(Academe Research Journals, 2014-12) Kamaghe, A.A.S.; Mlozi, R.S.M.; Johansen, M.V.
This study investigated the livelihoods of 98 smallholder farmers keeping pigs in Mbeya rural and Mbozi districts in Mbeya region. The study found that respondents’ characteristics influenced decision making on pig keeping and that pig keeping overall contributed 5-10% of the households’ incomes. Pig keeping in Mbeya and Mbozi rural districts contributed to food provision and to accelerate technology scaling-up. However, two thirds of the respondents reported that they were not satisfied with the pig trade, and less than half of them knew the livestock extension agents, but two thirds said that they were not satisfied with their advisory and service delivery. Less than half of the respondents reported to having access to water for their pigs and in both districts, one third of the respondents indicated to facing problems of presence of pig diseases. This study recommends that livestock extension agents in the two study districts should educate pig keepers on good pig husbandry, assist them to form associations, and help them to find reliable markets for their pigs and secure loans.
Challenges and opportunities for implementing an intersectoral approach in malaria control in Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2015) Mlozi, M. R. S.; Mlacha, T.; Bwana, V. M.; Shayo, E. H.; Mayala, B. K.; Malima, R. C.; Mashoto, K. O.; Mboera, L. E. G.
Background: Malaria is a complex health problem related to socio-economic and environmental factors that cut across a number of sectors. Establishing intersectoral linkages is important to facilitate joint efforts to address the problem at all levels. The objectives of this study were to explore key sectoral engagements in malaria control policy formulation and implementation, and to determine decision and policy makers’ opinions about different sectoral activities that contribute to malaria transmission and control in Tanzania. Methods: This study included documentary review, self-administered interviews and group discussion. Interviews and group discussions involved key informants at district and national levels. The sectors involved were health, agriculture, environment, livestock, fisheries, education, works, irrigation, water resources, land development, forestry, and community development. Results: Institutions and organizations that were involved in the development of the previous and current National Malaria Strategic Plan (2007-2013 and 2013-2020) were the Ministries of Health and Social Welfare, Prime Minister’s Office of Regional Administration and Local Government, Public universities and non-governmental organizations. All the individuals involved in the development of the plans were either medical or health professionals. According to key informants, sectoral activities identified to contribute to malaria transmission included farming systems, deforestation, fishing, nomadic pastoralism, household water storage, water resource development projects, road and house construction and mining. The lack of intersectoral approaches in malaria control programme included the facts that the Health Sector does not involve other sectors during planning and development of policy guidelines, differences in sectoral mandates and management culture, lack of a national coordinating framework and lack of budget for intersectoral activities. Conclusion: The current strategies for malaria control in Tanzania need to address socio-economic and development activities across sectors and emphasise the need for intersectoral collaboration. It is recommended that the future of malaria control strategies should, therefore, be broad based and intersectoral in planning and implementation.
Challenges and opportunities for implementing an intersectoral approach in malaria control in Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2015) Mlozi, M.R.S; Rumisha, F.S; Mlacha, T; Bwana, V.M; Shayo, E.H; Mayala, B.K; Malima, R.C; Mashoto, K.O; Mboera, L.E.G
Background: Malaria is a complex health problem related to socio-economic and environmental factors that cut across a number of sectors. Establishing intersectoral linkages is important to facilitate joint efforts to address the problem at all levels. The objectives of this study were to explore key sectoral engagements in malaria control policy formulation and implementation, and to determine decision and policy makers’ opinions about different sectoral activities that contribute to malaria transmission and control in Tanzania. Methods: This study included documentary review, self-administered interviews and group discussion. Interviews and group discussions involved key informants at district and national levels. The sectors involved were health, agriculture, environment, livestock, fisheries, education, works, irrigation, water resources, land development, forestry, and community development. Results: Institutions and organizations that were involved in the development of the previous and current National Malaria Strategic Plan (2007-2013 and 2013-2020) were the Ministries of Health and Social Welfare, Prime Minister’s Office of Regional Administration and Local Government, Public universities and non-governmental organizations. All the individuals involved in the development of the plans were either medical or health professionals. According to key informants, sectoral activities identified to contribute to malaria transmission included farming systems, deforestation, fishing, nomadic pastoralism, household water storage, water resource development projects, road and house construction and mining. The lack of intersectoral approaches in malaria control programme included the facts that the Health Sector does not involve other sectors during planning and development of policy guidelines, differences in sectoral mandates and management culture, lack of a national coordinating framework and lack of budget for intersectoral activities. Conclusion: The current strategies for malaria control in Tanzania need to address socio-economic and development activities across sectors and emphasise the need for intersectoral collaboration. It is recommended that the future of malaria control strategies should, therefore, be broad based and intersectoral in planning and implementation.
Climate change, smallholders farmers’ adaptation in Pangani Basin and Pemba implications for redd+ initiatives
(Climate Change Iimpacts and Adaptation and Mitigation Project (CCIAM) - Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), 2016) Hella, J. P.; Sanga, G. J.; Haug, R.; Mziray, N.; Senga, H.; Haji, M.; Lyimo, S.; Moshi, A.; Mboya, S.; Bakar, M.
This chapter is based on a study conducted in Pangani river basin and on Pemba Island in Tanzania. The main objective of the study was to assess evidence of the climate, small farmers’ adaptive strategies and associated implications for REDD+ initiatives in the country. Historical climate data over more than 30 years were collected from nine stations in Pangani river basin and on Pemba. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 11 villages purposively selected based on the location (upper and lower basin and altitude). A questionnaire survey and Focus Group discussions were used to collect data from 387 respondents and 40 key informants, respectively. The respondents for the survey were randomly selected from 11 study villages. The results show evidence of rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, an increase in extreme weather conditions such as droughts, floods and hurricanes and the shifting distribution of pests and diseases. Expert opinions also confirmed major changes in climate parameters in recent years. About 89 percent and 95 percent of small-scale farmers perceive that there is a change in temperature and rainfall, respectively, and linked the changes to crop types, cropping patterns, and outbreak of human, animal and crop diseases in their respective areas. Results from Multinomial Logit Model indicate that farmers’ choices of climate change coping strategy depend on their access to extension services and credit, their education level, location as well as experience. Adaptive strategies range from change of crop types, farmers and livestock keepers moving to new areas near water sources and forests and increased farm activities. Unfortunately most of the smallholders’ adaptive strategies are compromising REDD+ initiatives. The study concludes that successful REDD+ initiatives within the framework of smallholders adaptive strategies to impacts of the climate changes requires externally sourced support for sustainable adaptation to climate changes.
Co-decided agriculture information radio program needs: a case study of women crop farmers in Dodoma city, Tanzania
(Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 2024-02-24) Libent, Stella; Madaha, Rasel Mpuya; Busindeli, Innocent
The shift from top-down programming to co-decision-making, aimed at capturing listeners' needs, has been significant. However, there is a notable gap in studies assessing how gender considerations factor into radio programming for listeners' needs. This study addresses this gap by investigating co-decided agricultural radio program needs, specifically focusing on women crop farmers in Dodoma City, Tanzania. Utilizing a sample of 32 participants selected purposively for in-depth face-to-face interviews, supplemented by Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews, the study employed content analysis to analyze the collected data. The findings reveal variations in co-decided agricultural information radio programs among radio programmers, indicating a lack of alignment with the specific needs of women crop farmers. In light of these findings, the study recommends that the Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority (TCRA) should address financial constraints hindering the co-decision approach to work accurately. With the accurate working of the co-decision approach intended listeners’ needs will be identified.
Contribution of cassava value addition on reduction of poverty for smallholder farmers in Bagamoyo district
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Nyangassa Batuli Jumanne
Cassava (Manihot spp.} has become an important crop in many parts of the world for processing into several human foods and industrial products. In poorer developing countries of the tropical and semi-tropical climate cassava has become a major source of revenue, contributing significantly to industrial development, food security and livelihoods. The objective of the study was to assess the contribution of cassava value addition on reduction of poverty for smallholder farmers. The study was conducted in Bagamoyo, 120 producers/farmers and 25 actors in the cassava production and value addition participated. Data collected was summarized using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) and content analysis. Analysis of data shows that value addition was done by producers after flour making, grading cassava in size, sun dried cassava to reduce moisture content respectively. In general on farm value adding technologies became difficult because most of cassava producers/processors don’t have cassava processing machines. Low on farm value adding technologies is a result of poor quality of value added cassava products. Three main marketing channels exist in the study area: Producers selling directly to consumers; producers to retailers to consumer; and producers to hawkers/village vendors to consumer. Also data showed that majority of producers /processors don’t pack their products (flour) or use plastic bags instead of using paper bag. The sub-sector in general faces a number of structural and technological problems that need immediate attention to help smallholder farmers in reduction of poverty. The study revealed that value added cassava have more profit than raw cassava. The mean gross margin of value added cassava was 621 000 Tshs/ha while the mean gross margin of raw cassava was 275 000 Tshs/ha. The GM difference is 346 000 Tshs. This implies that value added is more profitable than raw cassava.
Coping strategies of feminine peasant networks and social protection (SP): the case of village community networks (VCONEs) in Tanzania
(International Journal of Advanced Research, 2023-12-09) Madaha, Rasel Mpuya
Networking among African women has become one of the community centered strategies to deal with the shortfalls of the market. VCONEs, as self-created women's networks, provide informal social protection (SP) to marginalized communities because they have taken on board the local context. VCONEs have created a platform that accommodates women's context-specific needs and interests. Accordingly, the study employed an exploratory longitudinal action research design and an embedded multiple-case study research method to explore the coping strategies of Village Community Networks (VCONEs) as a new form of self-created women's networks in providing SP and promoting community development in Tanzania. VCONEs have emerged following the market's and the government's failures to reach marginalized people. The findings indicate that VCONEs have developed replicable context-specific coping strategies to cope with the contingencies of the patriarchy and the market economy. The coping strategies can be replicated elsewhere to create a relatively similar impact in other communities. Overall, there is a need for a major structural change in existing social protection systems. Development agencies should avoid implementing social protection schemes that instill over-dependency on marginalized people on external resources. Specifically, development agencies should adopt a "VCONE cash transfer" to be disbursed as a one-time cash transfer to successful VCONEs.
Decentralisation and the empowerment of local communities in Tanzania with special focus on water issues
(Educational Action Research, 2022-12-29) Madaha, Rasel Mpuya
Action researchers are empowered because they carry out research with rather than on participants. Likewise, the Tanzanian government has been attempting to devolve power to the people since independence. The latest efforts started in the 1980s and focused on the devolution of power from central government to the people through local governments. The uniqueness of the decentralization process and the associated reforms in the country have attracted some scholarly attention, with researchers asserting that the existing model of local government, famously known as Decentralization by Devolution (D-by-D), has considerable potential. However, past research on decentralization has generally been disempowering. Using Action Research (AR), this study aimed to explore strategies to empower local marginalized communities, as co-researchers, to identify key local challenges in accessing public resources, notably water, and enable them to take initial steps towards addressing them through existing local government structures. The application of AR suggests that Tanzania has strong local government structures that can accommodate the participation of marginalized communities in the management of water and other public resources. Nevertheless, local communities need to be empowered through participatory approaches to best interact with the local government structures and ensure accountability in the management of such resources.
Determinants of students’ academic achievement in agricultural sciences: A case study of secondary schools in Katsina State, Nigeria
(NET Journals, 2015-03-18) Abdullah, H. A.; Mlozi, M.R.S; Nzalayaimisi, G. K.
Education is viewed as a tool for change. Globally, efforts are geared toward enhancing the educational process of students’ academic achievement in secondary schools. However, there is gap associated with differences in the students’ attributes, and the desire for parents to provide better educational opportunities to their children. To achieve the goal of this research, students from Katsina State Science and Technical Education Board (STEB) were purposively selected for the study. Random sampling technique was used to select 300 students from six secondary schools. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire designed to address the specific objectives of the study. Cramer’s V and stepwise regression model were used as tool of analyses to achieve the stated objectives of the study. Age of students was found statistically related to students’ academic achievement using Cramer’s V. The regression model has an R2 (.915) implying that 92% of the total variations in students’ academic achievement was accounted for by the independent variables. The F statistic was also reliably fit and statistically significant at p ≤ 0.001 confidence level. Of the nineteen variables, nine were statistically significant and show effect on students’ academic achievement. The significant variables that were positively related to academic achievement are: parent education, parent occupation, family feeding, provision of resource materials, visits to schools, provision of pocket money, and residential type. Family type and age category of parents had negative effects on students’ academic achievement. We recommend for an intensified public enlightenment and awareness campaign on family planning and child spacing as well as dilution of family resources to counter the effect of family type being a risk factor.
Determinants of the adoption of charco dam rainwater harvesting technology by pastoralists in semi-arid areas of Monduli district in Tanzania
(East African Journal of Science, Technology and Innovation, 2023-09-29) Mfinanga, Fredrick; Msuya, Catherine; Madaha, Rasel Mpuya
The use of water harvesting ponds in Tanzania known as charco dams in watering livestock have been developed to enhance livestock production in semi-arid areas. However, the adoption of charco dam has been very low. This paper examined the determinants of the adoption of charco dam by pastoralists in semi-arid areas of Monduli District in Tanzania. The study used a cross-sectional research design where data were collected at a single point in time. Quantitative data were collected by using pre-tested structured questionnaire from 367 respondents who were randomly selected from seven villages, namely Moita Kipok, Moita Kilorit, Kilimatinde, Moita Bwawani, Makuyuni, Mbuyuni and Naiti in Monduli District. The collected data was entered into SPSS.20 for analysis. Data was analysed using frequency, percentages, and a binary logistic regression model. The study results show that the intervening factors (perceived advantages and disadvantages of charco dam) have a slightly high influence on the adoption of charco dam with predictive power R2 ranging from 29.5 to 44.5 per cent as compared to independent variables with predictive power R2 ranging from 27 to 37 per cent at a 5 per cent level of significance. Furthermore, the study results indicate that the independent variables namely socio-economic factors specifically age (p=0.000), household size (p=0.002), off-farm income (p=0.025), livestock keeping experience (0.001), herd size (0.002) and institutional factors including access to extension services (p=0.030) and subsidies (p=0.005) have an influence on the adoption of charco dam. This study recommends policymakers to devote more weight to perceived advantages and disadvantages of charco dam technology while constructing charco dam rainwater harvesting projects in order to influence pastoralists to accept the technology and increase water access for livestock in semi-arid areas.
Economic assessment of urban and peri-urban vegetable production in Mbeya municipality, Tanzania
(SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE., 2011) Lumililo,S. M
A study on economic assessment of urban and peri-urban vegetable production was conducted in Mbeya Region. Urban Agriculture (UA) is defined as the growing of plants and the raising of animals for food and other uses within (intra) and fringing (peri) urban built up areas. The general objective of this study was to investigate the economics of growing vegetable in urban and peri-urban areas. Specifically, the study aimed at determining the quantity and monetary value of four selected vegetables produced in (MM); identifying the vegetables grown, assessing the area used; analyzing the gross margins (GM) of the selected four major vegetables and examining the contribution of vegetable production to household incomes in (MM). The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Purposive and simple random samplings were used to select 160 respondents engaged in urban and peri urban vegetable production. Data were analyzed using SPSS computer programme. Chi-square test showed statistical significant differences at (p< 0.035) in GM between urban and peri-urban vegetable growers and revenue analysis showed a statistical significant difference at (p<0.053) between urban and peri-urban vegetable growers. Plot sizes analysis showed statistical significant differences between urban and peri-urban vegetable growers at (p < 0.008) for Amaranthns, at (p < 0.001) for Chinese cabbage, at (p< 0.031) for Brassica carinata and at (p < 0.008) for Swiss chard. The contribution of vegetable analysis showed high statistical significant differences between urban and peri-urban vegetable growers at (p< 0.01) for Amaranths and Chinese cabbage. Statistical significant differences also showed at (p< 0.001) for Brassica carinata and at (p< 0.015) for Swiss chard. This study recommended that extension agents should provide education on vegetables with high (GM) per square meter and provision of credits to urban and peri-urban vegetable growers by the Government. Longitudinal studies were suggested to be carried out to ascertain the most profitable species of vegetables countrywide.
An economic comparison between alternative rice farming systems in Tanzania using a monte carlo simulation approach
(MDPI, 2020-07) Kadig, Ibrahim L.; Mutabazi, Khamaldin D.; Philip, Damas; Richardson, James W.; Bizimana, Jean-Claude; Mbungu, Winfred; Mahoo, Henry F.; Sieber, Stefan
Tanzania is the second-largest producer of rice (Oryza sativa) in Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa after Madagascar. Unfortunately, the sector has been performing poorly due to many constraints, including poor agricultural practices and climate variability. In addressing the challenge, the government is making substantial investments to speed the agriculture transformation into a more modernized, commercial, and highly productive and profitable sector. Our objective was to apply a Monte Carlo simulation approach to assess the economic feasibility of alternative rice farming systems operating in Tanzania while considering risk analysis for decision-makers with different risk preferences to make better management decisions. The rice farming systems in this study comprise rice farms using traditional practices and those using some or all of the recommended system of rice intensification (SRI) practices. The overall results show 2% and zero probability of net cash income (NCI) being negative for partial and full SRI adopters, respectively. Meanwhile, farmers using local and improved seeds have 66% and 60% probability of NCI being negative, correspondingly. Rice farms which applied fertilizers in addition to improved seeds have a 21% probability of negative returns. Additionally, net income for rice farms using local seeds was slightly worthwhile when the transaction made during the harvesting period compared to farms applied improved varieties due to a relatively high price for local seeds. These results help to inform policymakers and agencies promoting food security and eradication of poverty on the benefits of encouraging improved rice farming practices in the country. Despite climate variability, in Tanzania, it is still possible for rice farmers to increase food production and income through the application of improved technologies, particularly SRI management practices, which have shown a promising future.
Evaluation of the soil fertility status in relation to crop nutritive quality in the selected physiographic units of Mbeya Region, Tanzania
(RUFORUM Biennial Meeting, 2010-09) Amuri, N.; Semu, E.; Msanya, B. M.; Mhoro, L.; Anthony, J. M.
This study is assessing soil fertility status in Mbeya region of Tanzania in terms of adequacy for crop growth and crop nutrient status in terms of human nutrition. It will examine levels of macro and micronutrient. The study has just been initiated and will run for two years.
Evolution, performance and role of traditional credit system on poverty reduction: a case of Ifogong’ho of the wasukuma, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2007) SWAI,OKULI WILLIAM
A study on ifogong’ho traditional credit system was conducted in Magu District, Mwanza region, Tanzania. The general objective of the study was to explore the contribution of ifogong’ho to poverty reduction. Specifically, the study aimed at describing the evolution and operational procedure of ifogong’ho; assessing performance of ifogong’ho as indicated by repayment, interest and default rates; assessing accessibility to ifogong’ho by age, gender, education, household type and wealth; and determining the contribution of ifogong’ho credit to poverty reduction using income, food security and health indicators/A cross-sectional survey approach was employed, whereby four villages that practice ifogong’ho were selected purposively and respondents were selected randomly. Semi-structured and structured questionnaires were administered to ifogong’ho committee members and 131 respondents, respectively. Likert scale questions were employed to determine attitude of members towards access to ifogong’ho by sex, age, household type, education and wealth. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences whereby frequencies, percentages, means and cross-tabulations, were used to elaborate analytical results. Qualitative data were summarized and presented in tables to supplement ifogong’ho important information. The chi-square test statistic was used to determine attitude of ifogong’ho members towards ifogong’ho access and sex, age, household type, education and wealth. Results showed no statistical significant relationship between access to ifogong’ho and sex, age, household type, education and wealth of respondents. The t-test results at p < 0.05 level of significance proved that net income, food security and health expenditure among ifogong’ho members beforeiii getting credit differed significantly after using credit. Net income, food security and health expenditure after credit were higher than those before credit. These results substantiated the need of credit for poverty reduction. The study came up with pertinent recommendations. One of the recommendations given was to boost ifogong’ho fund portfolio size by introducing saving practice in the system.

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