Forest Technology and Wood Sciences
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Item Effect of refugees on plant diversity, forest stocks and forest cover in north-east Mpanda forest reserve, Mpanda district, Tanzania.(Sokone University of Agriculture, 2013) Sotery N.LThis study on the effect of refugees on plant diversity, forest stock and forest covers was conducted in North-East Mpanda Forest Reserve (NEMFR), Mpanda District. Specifically, the study aimed at assessing refugees' forest-based activities, quantifying effect of refugees' disturbances on forest slocks, assessing the effect of refugees on plant diversity and quantifying the forest cover changes between 1972/73-1994 and 1994- 2009. Structured interview and checklist were used to collect socio-economic data from Katumba refugee camp villages and one village from native community. Biophysical data was collected through forest inventory procedures and remote sensing and GIS techniques. The forest was stratified into disturbed and undisturbed strata of 33 and 135 sample plots respectively. Descriptive statistics were established through SPSS software whereas, content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Inventory data was analysed by Microsoft excel. Satellite imageries covering a period from 1972/73 to 2009 were analysed by GIS techniques using Arc View GIS and ERDAS. Results revealed that refugees illegally accessed NEMFR mainly for agriculture, residences, fuelwood and poaching. Stand density was 595±26.01 (SE), 663±25.07 (SE) and 254±58.5 (SE) stems/ha for the whole NEMFR, undisturbed and disturbed strata respectively. Basal area was 15.68±0.76 (SE), 18.62±0.71 (SE) and 2.12±0.59 (SE) m2/ha for NEMFR, undisturbed and disturbed strata respectively. Volume was 151.60±8.22 (SE), 182.10±8.17 (SE) and 17.45±5.76 (SE) m3/ha for NEMFR, undisturbed and disturbed strata respectively. Statistically, the above three parameters with reference to undisturbed and disturbed strata were significantly different (pO.OOOl) implying disturbed strata was less stocked attributable to anthropogenic activities. Shannon-Wiener indices were 3.26±0.007 (SE), 3.24±0.007 (SE) and 2.73±0.05 (SE) for NEMFR, undisturbed and disturbed strata respectively. Cover change analysis deduced a widespread forest cover changes attributable to refugees disturbances. The study concluded that legal residence of refugees in NEMFR has significantly resulted into reduced wood stocks, plant diversity and forest cover.Item Carbon storage potential of grassland ecosystems in the eastern arc mountains: a case study of Udzungwa mountains, Tanzania(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2011) LASWAI,FRANCIS FAUSTINEGrasslands are believed to store carbon in below and above ground. However, little is known on the actual proportion amount of carbon stored in the different carbon pools in the grassland ecosystems. This study aimed at quantifying below and above ground carbon stocks of floodplain and upland grasslands. Quadrants measuring I m 2 were established systematically along transects in the floodplain and upland grasslands. Above ground vegetation and litter were sampled in I m x I m plots and below ground roots and soils were sampled in pits of 0.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.6 m. Soil samples were taken from 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30 - 45 cm and 45 - 60 cm depth. Carbon in shoots, litter and roots was determined by Loss on Ignition method. Carbon in soils was determined by Walkley Black method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The above ground carbon in upland grassland was 12.60 ± 0.50 t ha'1 and 3.09 ±0.11 t ha'1 for vegetation and litter respectively. Below ground carbon was 7.82 ± 0.57 t ha'1 for roots and 40.26 ± 1.17 t ha'1 for soils. In the floodplain grasslands above ground carbon was 33.04 ± 1.18 t ha'1 for^vegetation and 1.89 ± 0.08 t ha'1 for litter. On the other hand below ground carbon was 6.22 ± 0.25 t ha'1 and 24.63 ± 0.88 t ha'1 for roots and soil respectively. In total upland grasslands has potential to store 63.77 ± 2.35 t ha'1 of carbon while the floodplain grasslands storage was 65.78 ± 2.39 t C ha'1. With exception of roots all other pools showed a significant difference in carbon storage between floodplain and upland grasslands (P = 0.000). Both upland and floodplain grasslands have high potential for carbon storage and emission mitigation.Item Consumers’ preference on imported and locally made furniture in Dar es Salaam and Arusha, Tanzania(SAGE, 2018) Kumburu, Neema P.; Kessy, John FrancisThis study was designed to assess the consumer’s preference between imported and locally made furniture in Dar es Salaam and Arusha in Tanzania. Primary and secondary data for the study were collected from furniture consumers in the study area. A total of 134 consumers were surveyed. Questionnaires and documentary reviews were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used in the analysis of data. The result of the study revealed significant differences on the levels of consumers’ preference for furniture products. Imported furniture seems to be far preferred by consumers. It was observed that the major differences in consumers’ preference for furniture were due to quality and design. This study provides valuable implications for local small- scale manufacturers if they want to compete in the globalized market. It is, therefore, recommended that local furniture manufacturers should acquire adequate skills, technology and innovation in order to produce competitive products.Item The role of non wood forest products in improving livelihoods of communities surrounding Jozani and Chwaka Bay national park, Zanzibar.(Sokoine University Of Agriculture., 2010) Mkarafuu, Nassor SaidThe role of Non Wood Forest Products (NWFPS) In the communities This study was conducted to asses the role of Non Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) in improving livelihoods of the communities surrounding Jozani and Chwaka Bay National Park in Zanzibar. The study aimed to document, asses the status and contribution of NWFPs, identify roles of user groups and constraints towards development of NWFPs in the study area. Six villages were selected based on accessibility to the forests and availability of NWFPs. Study was conducted in two phases: Phase one involved preliminary surveys and Participatory Rural Appraisals. Phase two was questionnaire surveys with households, key informants and field inventory. Data on PRA were analyzed with the help of local communities, while Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used for questionnaires. Revenue accrued from different sources was computed in MS Excel. A total of 88 and 26 NWFPs plant and animal species respectively were recorded. NWFPs contribute 27 % of household’s food security, 32 % of income generation while 97 % of households rely for primary health care. The study revealed some constraints towards development of NWFPs. It is concluded that NWFPs contribute in improving livelihood of communities for subsistence, primary health care and income. The study also noted a decrease in NWFPs. It is concluded that gender roles has influence in collection, processing and marketing of NWFPs. It is recommended that information and training on NWFPs should be provided to the communities. Also utilization plan of NWFPs should be developed and collaboration between government and communities is needed to improve protection of the resoures.